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J Appl Physiol 81: 2445-2455, 1996;
8750-7587/96 $5.00
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Journal of Applied Physiology
Vol. 81, No. 6, pp. 2445-2455, December 1996
EXERCISE AND MUSCLE

Influence of diet and exercise on skeletal muscle and visceral adipose tissue in men

Robert Ross, John Rissanen, Heather Pedwell, Jennifer Clifford, and Peter Shragge

School of Physical and Health Education, Queen's University, and Department of Radiology, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6

Received 8 March 1996; accepted in final form 3 July 1996.

Ross, Robert, John Rissanen, Heather Pedwell, Jennifer Clifford, and Peter Shragge. Influence of diet and exercise on skeletal muscle and visceral adipose tissue in men. J. Appl. Physiol. 81(6): 2445-2455, 1996.---The effects of diet only (DO) and diet combined with either aerobic (DA) or resistance (DR) exercise on subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), lean tissue (LT), and skeletal muscle (SM) tissue were evaluated in 33 obese men (DO, n = 11; DA, n = 11; DR, n = 11). All tissues were measured by using a whole body multislice magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) model. Within each group, significant reductions were observed for body weight, SAT, and VAT (P < 0.05). The reductions in body weight (~10%) and SAT (~25%) and VAT volume (~35%) were not different between groups (P > 0.05). For all treatments, the relative reduction in VAT was greater than in SAT (P < 0.05). For the DA and DR groups only, the reduction in abdominal SAT (~27%) was greater (P < 0.05) than that observed for the gluteal-femoral region (~20%). Conversely, the reduction in VAT was uniform throughout the abdomen regardless of treatment (P > 0.05). MRI-LT and MRI-SM decreased both in the upper and lower body regions for the DO group alone (P < 0.05). Peak O2 uptake (liters) was significantly improved (~14%) in the DA group as was muscular strength (~20%) in the DR group (P < 0.01). These findings indicate that DA and DR result in a greater preservation of MRI-SM, mobilization of SAT from the abdominal region, by comparison with the gluteal-femoral region, and improved functional capacity when compared with DO in obese men.

obesity; magnetic resonance imaging; lean tissue; weight loss

0161-7567/96 $5.00 Copyright © 1996 the American Physiological Society




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