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Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division, Case Western Reserve University and Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
Received 26 December 1995; accepted in final form 29 May 1996.
Van Lunteren, Erik, and Michelle Moyer. Effects of DAP
on diaphragm force and fatigue, including fatigue due to
neurotransmission failure. J. Appl.
Physiol. 81(5): 2214-2220, 1996.
Among the
aminopyridines, 3,4-diaminopyridine (DAP) is a more effective
K+ channel blocker than is
4-aminopyridine (4-AP), and, furthermore, DAP enhances neuromuscular
transmission. Because 4-AP improves muscle contractility, we
hypothesized that DAP would also increase force and, in addition,
ameliorate fatigue and improve the neurotransmission failure component
of fatigue. Rat diaphragm strips were studied in vitro (37°C). In
field-stimulated muscle, 0.3 mM DAP significantly increased diaphragm
twitch force, prolonged contraction time, and shifted the
force-frequency relationship to the left without altering peak tetanic
force, resulting in increased force at stimulation frequencies
50 Hz.
During 20-Hz intermittent stimulation, DAP increased diaphragm peak
force compared with control during a 150-s fatigue run and,
furthermore, significantly improved maintenance of intratrain force.
The relative contribution of neurotransmission failure to fatigue was
estimated by comparing the force generated by phrenic nerve-stimulated
muscles with that generated by curare-treated field-stimulated muscles.
DAP significantly increased force in nerve-stimulated muscles and, in
addition, reduced the neurotransmission failure contribution to
diaphragm fatigue. Thus DAP increases muscle force at
low-to-intermediate stimulation frequencies, improves overall force and
intratrain fatigue during 20-Hz intermittent stimulation, and reduces
neurotransmission failure.
potassium channel; skeletal muscle; contractility; respiratory muscle; 3,4-diaminopyridine
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