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Human Studies Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park 27711; and Center for Environmental Medicine and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
Received 3 November 1995; accepted in final form 18 June 1996.
Kim, Chong S., S. C. Hu, P. DeWitt, and T. R. Gerrity.
Assessment of regional deposition of inhaled particles in human lungs by serial bolus delivery method. J. Appl.
Physiol. 81(5): 2203-2213, 1996.
Detailed
regional deposition of inhaled particles was investigated in young
adults (n = 11) by use of a
serial bolus aerosol delivery technique. A small bolus (45 ml
half-width) of monodisperse aerosols [1-, 3-, and
5-µm particle diameter
(Dp)] was
delivered sequentially to a specific volumetric depth of the lung
(100-500 ml in 50-ml increments), while the subject inhaled clean
air via a laser aerosol photometer (25-ml dead volume) with a constant
flow rate (
= 150, 250, and 500 ml/s) and
exhaled with the same without a pause to the
residual volume. Deposition efficiency (LDE) and deposition fraction in
10 local volumetric regions and total deposition fraction of the lung
were obtained. LDE increased monotonically with increasing lung depth
for all three Dp.
LDE was greater with smaller values in all lung
regions. Deposition was distributed fairly evenly throughout the lung
regions with a tendency for an enhancement in the distal lung regions for Dp = 1 µm.
Deposition distribution was highly uneven for
Dp = 3 and 5 µm, and the region of the peak deposition shifted toward the proximal
regions with increasing
Dp. Surface dose
was 1-5 times greater in the small airway regions and 2-17
times greater in the large airway regions than in the alveolar regions.
The results suggest that local or regional enhancement of deposition occurs in healthy subjects and that the local enhancement can be an
important factor in health risk assessment of inhaled particles.
aerosols; respiratory airways; inhalation
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