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Departments of Physiology and Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78284
Received 11 December 1995; accepted in final form 10 June 1996.
Crandall, C. G., J. M. Johnson, W. A. Kosiba, and D. L. Kellogg, Jr. Baroreceptor control of the cutaneous active
vasodilator system. J. Appl. Physiol.
81(5): 2192-2198, 1996.
We sought to identify whether reductions
in cutaneous active vasodilation during simulated orthostasis could be
assigned solely to cardiopulmonary or to carotid baroreflexes by
unloading cardiopulmonary baroreceptors with low levels of lower body
negative pressure (LBNP) or unloading carotid baroreceptors with
external pressure applied over the carotid sinus area [carotid
pressure (CP)]. Skin blood flow was measured at a site at which
adrenergic function was blocked via bretylium tosylate iontophoresis
and at an unblocked site. During LBNP of 
5 and
10 mmHg in hyperthermia, neither heart rate (HR) nor cutaneous
vascular conductance (CVC) at either site changed (P > 0.05 for both), whereas forearm
vascular conductance (FVC) was reduced (5 mmHg: from 21.6 ± 4.8 to 19.8 ± 4.1 FVC units, P = 0.05; 10 mmHg: from 22.3 ± 4.0 to 19.3 ± 3.7 FVC units,
P = 0.002). LBNP of 30 mmHg in
hyperthermia reduced CVC at both sites (untreated: from 51.9 ± 5.7 to 43.2 ± 5.1% maximum, P = 0.02;
bretylium tosylate: from 60.9 ± 5.4 to 53.2 ± 4.4% maximum, P = 0.02), reduced FVC (from 23.2 ± 3.6 to 18.1 ± 3.3 FVC units; P = 0.002), and increased HR (from 83 ± 4 to 101 ± 3 beats/min; P = 0.003). Pulsatile CP (45 mmHg) did not affect FVC or CVC during normothermia or hyperthermia (P > 0.05). However, HR and mean arterial pressure were elevated during CP
in both thermal conditions (both P < 0.05). These results suggest that neither selective low levels of
cardiopulmonary baroreceptor unloading nor selective carotid
baroreceptor unloading can account for the inhibition of cutaneous
active vasodilator activity seen with simulated orthostasis.
skin blood flow; baroreflex; human; cardiopulmonary baroreceptors; carotid; temperature regulation; peripheral circulation; bretylium
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