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Department of Exercise Science, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-3654
Received 25 May 1995; accepted in final form 10 June 1996.
Higbie, Elizabeth J., Kirk J. Cureton, Gordon L. Warren III,
and Barry M. Prior. Effects of concentric and eccentric training
on muscle strength, cross-sectional area, and neural activation.
J. Appl. Physiol. 81(5):
2173-2181, 1996.
We compared the effects of concentric (Con) and
eccentric (Ecc) isokinetic training on quadriceps muscle strength,
cross-sectional area, and neural activation. Women (age 20.0 ± 0.5 yr) randomly assigned to Con training (CTG;
n = 16), Ecc training (ETG;
n = 19), and control (CG;
n = 19) groups were tested before and
after 10 wk of unilateral Con or Ecc knee-extension training. Average
torque measured during Con and Ecc maximal voluntary knee extensions increased 18.4 and 12.8% for CTG, 6.8 and 36.2% for ETG, and 4.7 and
1.7% for CG, respectively. Increases by CTG and ETG were greater than for CG (P < 0.05). For
CTG, the increase was greater when measured with Con than with Ecc
testing. For ETG, the increase was greater when measured with Ecc than
with Con testing. The increase by ETG with Ecc testing was greater than
the increase by CTG with Con testing. Corresponding changes in the
integrated voltage from an electromyogram measured during strength
testing were 21.7 and 20.0% for CTG, 7.1 and 16.7% for ETG, and
8.0 and 9.1% for CG. Quadriceps cross-sectional area
measured by magnetic resonance imaging (sum of 7 slices) increased more
in ETG (6.6%) than in CTG (5.0%) (P < 0.05). We conclude that Ecc is more effective than Con isokinetic
training for developing strength in Ecc isokinetic muscle actions and
that Con is more effective than Ecc isokinetic training for developing
strength in Con isokinetic muscle actions. Gains in strength consequent
to Con and Ecc training are highly dependent on the muscle action used
for training and testing. Muscle hypertrophy and neural adaptations
contribute to strength increases consequent to both Con and Ecc
training.
electromyography; isokinetic muscle actions; muscle hypertrophy; training specificity; quadriceps muscle; women
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