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Medical Sciences Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center, and KRUG Life Sciences, Houston, Texas 77058; and Centre for Advanced Technology Education, Ryerson Polytechnic University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 2K3
Received 24 January 1996; accepted in final form 21 July 1996.
Fritsch-Yelle, Janice M., Peggy A. Whitson, Roberta L. Bondar, and Troy E. Brown. Subnormal norepinephrine release relates to presyncope in astronauts after spaceflight.
J. Appl. Physiol. 81(5):
2134-2141, 1996.
Postflight orthostatic intolerance is
experienced by virtually all astronauts but differs greatly in degree
of severity. We studied cardiovascular responses to upright posture in
40 astronauts before and after spaceflights lasting up to 16 days. We
separated individuals according to their ability to remain standing
without assistance for 10 min on landing day. Astronauts who could not
remain standing on landing day had significantly smaller increases in
plasma norepinephrine levels with standing than did those who could
remain standing (105 ± 41 vs. 340 ± 62 pg/ml;
P = 0.05). In addition, they had
significantly lower standing peripheral vascular resistance (23 ± 3 vs. 34 ± 3 mmHg · l
1 · min;
P = 0.02) and greater decreases in
systolic (
28 ± 4 vs. 11 ± 3 mmHg;
P = 0.002) and diastolic (14 ± 7 vs. 3 ± 2 mmHg; P = 0.0003) pressures. The presyncopal group also had
significantly lower supine (16 ± 1 vs. 21 ± 2 mmHg · l1 · min;
P = 0.04) and standing (23 ± 2 vs.
32 ± 2 mmHg · l1 · min;
P = 0.038) vascular resistance, supine
(66 ± 2 vs. 73 ± 2 mmHg; P = 0.008) and standing (69 ± 4 vs. 77 ± 2 mmHg;
P = 0.007) diastolic pressure, and
supine (109 ± 3 vs. 114 ± 2 mmHg; P = 0.05) and standing
(99 ± 4 vs. 108 ± 3 mmHg; P = 0.006) systolic pressures before flight. This is the first study to
clearly document these differences among presyncopal and nonpresyncopal
astronauts after spaceflight and also offer the possibility of
preflight prediction of postflight susceptibility. These results
clearly point to hypoadrenergic responsiveness, possibly centrally
mediated, as a contributing factor in postflight orthostatic
intolerance. They may provide insights into autonomic dysfunction in
Earthbound patients.
orthostatic hypotension; adrenergic
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T. T. Schlegel, T. E. Brown, S. J. Wood, E. W. Benavides, R. L. Bondar, F. Stein, P. Moradshahi, D. L. Harm, J. M. Fritsch-Yelle, and P. A. Low Orthostatic intolerance and motion sickness after parabolic flight J Appl Physiol, January 1, 2001; 90(1): 67 - 82. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. A. Ray Effect of gender on vestibular sympathoexcitation Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, October 1, 2000; 279(4): R1330 - R1333. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Kamiya, S. Iwase, D. Michikami, Q. Fu, and T. Mano Head-down bed rest alters sympathetic and cardiovascular responses to mental stress Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, August 1, 2000; 279(2): R440 - R447. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. C. Looft-Wilson and C. V. Gisolfi Rat small mesenteric artery function after hindlimb suspension J Appl Physiol, April 1, 2000; 88(4): 1199 - 1206. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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G. K. Prisk, A. R. Elliott, and J. B. West Sustained microgravity reduces the human ventilatory response to hypoxia but not to hypercapnia J Appl Physiol, April 1, 2000; 88(4): 1421 - 1430. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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N. K. Muenter, D. E. Watenpaugh, W. L. Wasmund, S. L. Wasmund, S. A. Maxwell, and M. L. Smith Effect of sleep restriction on orthostatic cardiovascular control in humans J Appl Physiol, March 1, 2000; 88(3): 966 - 972. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Kamiya, S. Iwase, H. Kitazawa, T. Mano, O. L. Vinogradova, and I. B. Kharchenko Baroreflex control of muscle sympathetic nerve activity after 120 days of 6{degrees} head-down bed rest Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, February 1, 2000; 278(2): R445 - R452. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. K. Shoemaker, C. S. Hogeman, and L. I. Sinoway Contributions of MSNA and stroke volume to orthostatic intolerance following bed rest Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, October 1, 1999; 277(4): R1084 - R1090. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. Sigaudo, J.-O. Fortrat, A.-M. Allevard, A. Maillet, J.-M. Cottet-Emard, A. Vouillarmet, R. L. Hughson, G. Gauquelin-Koch, and C. Gharib Changes in the sympathetic nervous system induced by 42 days of head-down bed rest Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, June 1, 1998; 274(6): H1875 - H1884. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. K. Shoemaker, C. S. Hogeman, U. A. Leuenberger, M. D. Herr, K. Gray, D. H. Silber, and L. I. Sinoway Sympathetic discharge and vascular resistance after bed rest J Appl Physiol, February 1, 1998; 84(2): 612 - 617. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. H. Khan, A. R. Kunselman, U. A. Leuenberger, W. R. Davidson Jr., C. A. Ray, K. S. Gray, C. S. Hogeman, and L. I. Sinoway Attenuated sympathetic nerve responses after 24 hours of bed rest Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, June 1, 2002; 282(6): H2210 - H2215. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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B. D Levine, J. A Pawelczyk, A. C Ertl, J. F Cox, J. H Zuckerman, A. Diedrich, I. Biaggioni, C. A Ray, M. L Smith, S. Iwase, et al. Human muscle sympathetic neural and haemodynamic responses to tilt following spaceflight J. Physiol., January 1, 2002; 538(1): 331 - 340. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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