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-hydroxy--methylbutyrate on
muscle metabolism during resistance-exercise training
Iowa State University, Ames 50011; Metabolic Technologies Inc., Ames, Iowa 50010; MET-Rx Inc., Irvine, California 92715; and North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, New York 11030
Received 18 August 1995; accepted in final form 1 July 1996.
Nissen, S., R. Sharp, M. Ray, J. A. Rathmacher, D. Rice, J. C. Fuller, Jr., A. S. Connelly, and N. Abumrad. Effect of leucine
metabolite 
-hydroxy--methylbutyrate on muscle metabolism during
resistance-exercise training. J. Appl.
Physiol. 81(5): 2095-2104, 1996.
The effects of
dietary supplementation with the leucine metabolite
-hydroxy--methylbutyrate (HMB) were studied in two experiments.
In study 1, subjects
(n = 41) were randomized among three
levels of HMB supplementation (0, 1.5 or 3.0 g HMB/day) and two protein
levels (normal, 117 g/day, or high, 175 g/day) and weight lifted for
1.5 h 3 days/wk for 3 wk. In study 2,
subjects (n = 28) were fed either 0 or
3.0 g HMB/day and weight lifted for 2-3 h 6 days/wk for 7 wk. In
study 1, HMB significantly decreased the exercise-induced rise in muscle proteolysis as measured by urine
3-methylhistidine during the first 2 wk of exercise (linear decrease,
P < 0.04). Plasma creatine
phosphokinase was also decreased with HMB supplementation
(week 3, linear decrease,
P < 0.05). Weight lifted was
increased by HMB supplementation when compared with the unsupplemented
subjects during each week of the study (linear increase,
P < 0.02). In study
2, fat-free mass was significantly increased in
HMB-supplemented subjects compared with the unsupplemented group at 2 and 4-6 wk of the study (P < 0.05). In conclusion, supplementation with either 1.5 or 3 g HMB/day
can partly prevent exercise-induced proteolysis and/or muscle
damage and result in larger gains in muscle function associated with
resistance training.
resistance training
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