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University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309
Received 5 September 1995; accepted in final form 10 June 1996.
McCall, G. E., W. C. Byrnes, A. Dickinson, P. M. Pattany,
and S. J. Fleck. Muscle fiber hypertrophy, hyperplasia, and capillary density in college men after resistance training.
J. Appl. Physiol. 81(5):
2004-2012, 1996.
Twelve male subjects with recreational
resistance training backgrounds completed 12 wk of intensified
resistance training (3 sessions/wk; 8 exercises/session; 3 sets/exercise; 10 repetitions maximum/set). All major muscle groups
were trained, with four exercises emphasizing the forearm flexors.
After training, strength (1-repetition maximum preacher curl) increased
by 25% (P < 0.05). Magnetic
resonance imaging scans revealed an increase in the biceps brachii
muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) (from 11.8 ± 2.7 to 13.3 ± 2.6 cm2;
n = 8;
P < 0.05). Muscle biopsies of the
biceps brachii revealed increases
(P < 0.05) in fiber areas for type I
(from 4,196 ± 859 to 4,617 ± 1,116 µm2;
n = 11) and II fibers (from 6,378 ± 1,552 to 7,474 ± 2,017 µm2;
n = 11). Fiber number estimated from
the above measurements did not change after training (293.2 ± 61.5 × 103 pretraining; 297.5 ± 69.5 × 103 posttraining;
n = 8). However, the magnitude of
muscle fiber hypertrophy may influence this response because those
subjects with less relative muscle fiber hypertrophy, but similar
increases in muscle CSA, showed evidence of an increase in fiber
number. Capillaries per fiber increased significantly
(P < 0.05) for both type I
(from 4.9 ± 0.6 to 5.5 ± 0.7;
n = 10) and II fibers (from 5.1 ± 0.8 to 6.2 ± 0.7; n = 10). No
changes occurred in capillaries per fiber area or muscle area. In
conclusion, resistance training resulted in hypertrophy of the total
muscle CSA and fiber areas with no change in estimated fiber number,
whereas capillary changes were proportional to muscle fiber growth.
weight training; muscle adaptation; fiber number; fiber type; muscle cross-sectional area
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