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Biomechanics Laboratory and Physical Therapy Department, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27858
Received 18 October 1995; accepted in final form 6 May 1996.
Hortobágyi, Tibor, Jason Barrier, David Beard, John
Braspennincx, Peter Koens, Paul Devita, Line Dempsey, and Jean Lambert. Greater initial adaptations to submaximal muscle lengthening than
maximal shortening. J. Appl. Physiol.
81(4): 1677-1682, 1996.
The purpose of this study was to
compare the short-term strength and neural adaptations to eccentric and
concentric training at equal force levels. Forty-two sedentary women
(age = 21.5 yr) were ranked based on the initial quadriceps strength
score, and trios of subjects were randomly assigned to either an
eccentric (n = 14), a concentric (n = 14), or a nonexercising control
group (n = 14). Training involved a
total of 824 eccentric or concentric quadriceps actions at 1.05 rad · s
1
administered in four sets of 6-10 repetitions, four times per week
for 6 wk. Before and after training, all subjects were tested for
unilateral maximal isometric and eccentric and concentric actions at
1.05 rad · s1
and for a 40-repetition eccentric and concentric fatigue series of the
left and right quadriceps. Surface electromyographic activity of the
vastus lateralis and medialis was monitored during testing. Concentric
training increased concentric (36%, P < 0.05), isometric (18%, P < 0.05), and eccentric strength (13%), and eccentric training increased
eccentric (42%, P < 0.05),
isometric (30%, P < 0.05), and
concentric (13%) strength. Eccentric training improved eccentric and
isometric strength more (P < 0.05)
than did concentric training. The electromyographic adaptations were
greater with eccentric training. Cross-education was 6%, and neither
training mode modified fatigability. The data suggest that training of
the quadriceps muscle with submaximal eccentric actions brings about
greater strength adaptations faster than does training with
maximal-level concentric actions in women. This greater adaptation is
likely to be mediated by both mechanical and neural factors.
exercise; muscle; electromyography; fatigue; cross-education
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