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J Appl Physiol 80: 1263-1269, 1996;
8750-7587/96 $5.00
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Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol 80, Issue 4 1263-1269, Copyright © 1996 by American Physiological Society

ARTICLES

L-type Ca2+ channel and Na+/Ca2+ exchange inhibitors reduce Ca2+ accumulation in reperfused skeletal muscle

D. G. Welsh and M. I. Lindinger
Department of Human Biology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada.

It is known that extracellular Ca2+ accumulates within skeletal muscle after prolonged periods of ischemia and reperfusion. In this study, we determined whether the L-type Ca2+ channel and the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger mediated Ca2+ influx and whether Ca2+ accumulation limited the metabolic and contractile recovery of reperfused skeletal muscle. Contracting rat hindlimbs (1-Hz twitch) exposed to 40 min of no-flow ischemia were reperfused with diltiazem (500 microM) or 3,4-dichlorobenzamil (300 microM) to block the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger and/or the L-type Ca2+ channel. High inhibitor concentrations were used to counter the binding of diltiazem and 3,4-dichlorobenzamil to albumin and red blood cells. Muscle Ca2+ accumulation, contractile function, and energy metabolism were assessed by measuring intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i), Ca2+ influx, twitch tension, and high-energy phosphagens [ATP, total adenine nucleotides (TAN) and phosphocreatine (PCr)]. Compared with control reperfusion, diltiazem and 3,4-dichlorobenzamil reduced Ca2+ influx and attenuated the rise in [Ca2+]i in the fast-oxidative glycolytic plantaris (Pl) and the fast-glycolytic white gastrocnemius (WG). The inhibitor-induced decrease in Ca2+ influx was 1.5- to 2-fold greater with 3,4-dichlorobenzamil than with diltiazem. Coinciding with the reduced Ca2+ accumulation, diltiazem and 3,4-dichlorobenzamil enhanced the resynthesis of ATP (Pl and WG), PCr (Pl and WG), and TAN (Pl) compared with control reperfusion. 3,4-Dichlorobenzamil also augmented twitch-tension recovery. We conclude that Ca2+ accumulation during reperfusion 1) arises from L-type Ca2+ channel and Na+/Ca2+ exchange activation; and 2) impairs the metabolic and contractile recovery of skeletal muscle.


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