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J Appl Physiol 80: 988-998, 1996;
8750-7587/96 $5.00
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Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol 80, Issue 3 988-998, Copyright © 1996 by American Physiological Society

ARTICLES

Muscle O2 uptake kinetics in humans: implications for metabolic control

B. Grassi, D. C. Poole, R. S. Richardson, D. R. Knight, B. K. Erickson and P. D. Wagner
Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0623, USA.

Muscle O2 uptake (VO2) kinetics in response to an augmented energetic requirement (on-transition) has never been directly determined in humans. We have developed a constant-infusion thermodilution technique that allowed rapid measurements of leg blood flow (Qleg) and, in conjunction with frequent serial measurement of arteriovenous O2 content difference across the leg [(Ca - Cv)O2leg], permitted the determination of the VO2 of the leg (VO2leg) at 3- to 4-s time intervals. VO2leg kinetics during the on-transition was taken as a close approximation of muscle VO2 (VO2mus) kinetics. Alveolar VO2 (VO2A), Qleg, leg O2 delivery [(Q.CaO2leg)], (Ca - Cv)O2leg, and VO2leg kinetics were determined in six trained subjects [age 22.8 +/- 4.4 (SD) yr; maximal O2 uptake 59.1 +/- 5.3 ml.kg-1.min-1] during the transition from unloaded pedaling to a workload (loaded pedaling; LP) (183 +/- 20 W) well below the previously determined ventilatory threshold. For all variables, two distinct phases were recognized. During the first 10-15 s of loaded pedaling (phase I), VO2A, Qleg, and (Q.CaO2)leg increased rapidly, whereas VO2leg increased only slightly and (Ca - Cv)O2leg actually decreased. After phase I, all variables showed a monoexponential increase (phase II), with similar time courses [slightly faster for (Ca - CV)O2leg]. In a consideration of both phases, the half times of the responses among variables were not significantly different: 25.5 +/- 2.6 s for VO2A, 26.6 +/- 7.6 s for Qleg, 26.9 +/- 8.3 s for (Q.CaO2leg, 23.5 +/- 1.3 s for (Ca - Cv)O2leg, and 27.9 +/- 5.7 s for VO2leg. We conclude that during the on-transition the kinetics of VO2A and VO2leg, as measured by these methods, are similar. The analysis of the early phase (first 10-15 s) of the on-transition indicates that bulk delivery of O2 to the working muscles is not limiting VO2leg kinetics. However, the present results cannot discriminate between maldistribution of blood flow/VO2 vs. inertia the intracellular oxidative machinery as the limiting factor.


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Cardiovasc Res, December 1, 2002; 56(3): 479 - 486.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.Home page
B. J. Behnke, C. A. Kindig, P. McDonough, D. C. Poole, and W. L. Sexton
Dynamics of microvascular oxygen pressure during rest-contraction transition in skeletal muscle of diabetic rats
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, September 1, 2002; 283(3): H926 - H932.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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M. Burnley, J. H. Doust, D. Ball, and A. M. Jones
Effects of prior heavy exercise on VO2 kinetics during heavy exercise are related to changes in muscle activity
J Appl Physiol, July 1, 2002; 93(1): 167 - 174.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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C. M. Geer, B. J. Behnke, P. McDonough, and D. C. Poole
Dynamics of microvascular oxygen pressure in the rat diaphragm
J Appl Physiol, July 1, 2002; 93(1): 227 - 232.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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H B Rossiter, S A Ward, J M Kowalchuk, F A Howe, J R Griffiths, and B J Whipp
Dynamic asymmetry of phosphocreatine concentration and O2 uptake between the on- and off-transients of moderate- and high-intensity exercise in humans
J. Physiol., June 15, 2002; 541(3): 991 - 1002.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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Y. Fukuba, N. Hayashi, S. Koga, and T. Yoshida
VO2 kinetics in heavy exercise is not altered by prior exercise with a different muscle group
J Appl Physiol, June 1, 2002; 92(6): 2467 - 2474.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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C. A. Kindig, T. E. Richardson, and D. C. Poole
Skeletal muscle capillary hemodynamics from rest to contractions: implications for oxygen transfer
J Appl Physiol, June 1, 2002; 92(6): 2513 - 2520.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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B. J Behnke, C. A Kindig, T. I Musch, W. L Sexton, and D. C Poole
Effects of prior contractions on muscle microvascular oxygen pressure at onset of subsequent contractions
J. Physiol., March 15, 2002; 539(3): 927 - 934.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 ChestHome page
A. Somfay, J. Porszasz, S.-M. Lee, and R. Casaburi
Effect of Hyperoxia on Gas Exchange and Lactate Kinetics Following Exercise Onset in Nonhypoxemic COPD Patients
Chest, February 1, 2002; 121(2): 393 - 400.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol.Home page
J. Bangsbo, M. J. Gibala, P. Krustrup, J. Gonzalez-Alonso, and B. Saltin
Enhanced pyruvate dehydrogenase activity does not affect muscle O2 uptake at onset of intense exercise in humans
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, January 1, 2002; 282(1): R273 - R280.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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B. Grassi, M. C Hogan, P. L Greenhaff, J. J Hamann, K. M Kelley, W. G Aschenbach, D. Constantin-Teodosiu, and L B. Gladden
Oxygen uptake on-kinetics in dog gastrocnemius in situ following activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase by dichloroacetate
J. Physiol., January 1, 2002; 538(1): 195 - 207.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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H B Rossiter, S A Ward, J M Kowalchuk, F A Howe, J R Griffiths, and B J Whipp
Effects of prior exercise on oxygen uptake and phosphocreatine kinetics during high-intensity knee-extension exercise in humans
J. Physiol., November 15, 2001; 537(1): 291 - 303.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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S. Perrey, M. E. Tschakovsky, and R. L. Hughson
Muscle chemoreflex elevates muscle blood flow and O2 uptake at exercise onset in nonischemic human forearm
J Appl Physiol, November 1, 2001; 91(5): 2010 - 2016.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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C. A. Kindig, P. McDonough, H. H. Erickson, and D. C. Poole
Effect of L-NAME on oxygen uptake kinetics during heavy-intensity exercise in the horse
J Appl Physiol, August 1, 2001; 91(2): 891 - 896.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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S. E. Bearden and R. J. Moffatt
{V}O2 and heart rate kinetics in cycling: transitions from an elevated baseline
J Appl Physiol, June 1, 2001; 90(6): 2081 - 2087.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol.Home page
M. C. P. Van Beekvelt, J. K. Shoemaker, M. E. Tschakovsky, M. T. E. Hopman, and R. L. Hughson
Blood flow and muscle oxygen uptake at the onset and end of moderate and heavy dynamic forearm exercise
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, June 1, 2001; 280(6): R1741 - R1747.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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M. C. Hogan
Fall in intracellular PO2 at the onset of contractions in Xenopus single skeletal muscle fibers
J Appl Physiol, May 1, 2001; 90(5): 1871 - 1876.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Integr. Comp. Biol.Home page
P. Cerretelli and B. Grassi
Gas Exchange, MRS and NIRS Assessment of Metabolic Transients in Skeletal Muscle
Integr. Comp. Biol., April 1, 2001; 41(2): 229 - 246.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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B. W Scheuermann, B. D Hoelting, M L. Noble, and T. J Barstow
The slow component of O2 uptake is not accompanied by changes in muscle EMG during repeated bouts of heavy exercise in humans
J. Physiol., February 15, 2001; 531(1): 245 - 256.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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S. Koga, T. J. Barstow, T. Shiojiri, T. Takaishi, Y. Fukuba, N. Kondo, M. Shibasaki, and D. C. Poole
Effect of muscle mass on {V}O2 kinetics at the onset of work
J Appl Physiol, February 1, 2001; 90(2): 461 - 468.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
M. J. MacDonald, H. L. Naylor, M. E. Tschakovsky, and R. L. Hughson
Peripheral circulatory factors limit rate of increase in muscle O2 uptake at onset of heavy exercise
J Appl Physiol, January 1, 2001; 90(1): 83 - 89.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
H. Carter, A. M. Jones, T. J. Barstow, M. Burnley, C. Williams, and J. H. Doust
Effect of endurance training on oxygen uptake kinetics during treadmill running
J Appl Physiol, November 1, 2000; 89(5): 1744 - 1752.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol.Home page
H. Green, B. Roy, S. Grant, C. Otto, A. Pipe, D. McKenzie, and M. Johnson
Human skeletal muscle exercise metabolism following an expedition to Mount Denali
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, November 1, 2000; 279(5): R1872 - R1879.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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B. Grassi, M. C. Hogan, K. M. Kelley, W. G. Aschenbach, J. J. Hamann, R. K. Evans, R. E. Patillo, and L. B. Gladden
Role of convective O2 delivery in determining VO2 on-kinetics in canine muscle contracting at peak VO2
J Appl Physiol, October 1, 2000; 89(4): 1293 - 1301.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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M. Burnley, A. M. Jones, H. Carter, and J. H. Doust
Effects of prior heavy exercise on phase II pulmonary oxygen uptake kinetics during heavy exercise
J Appl Physiol, October 1, 2000; 89(4): 1387 - 1396.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
H. J. Green, B. Roy, S. Grant, R. Hughson, M. Burnett, C. Otto, A. Pipe, D. McKenzie, and M. Johnson
Increases in submaximal cycling efficiency mediated by altitude acclimatization
J Appl Physiol, September 1, 2000; 89(3): 1189 - 1197.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol.Home page
J. Bangsbo, P. Krustrup, J. Gonzalez-Alonso, R. Boushel, and B. Saltin
Muscle oxygen kinetics at onset of intense dynamic exercise in humans
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, September 1, 2000; 279(3): R899 - R906.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
R. L. Hughson, D. D. O'Leary, A. C. Betik, and H. Hebestreit
Kinetics of oxygen uptake at the onset of exercise near or above peak oxygen uptake
J Appl Physiol, May 1, 2000; 88(5): 1812 - 1819.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
B. Mettauer, Q. M. Zhao, E. Epailly, A. Charloux, E. Lampert, B. Heitz-Naegelen, F. Piquard, P. E. di Prampero, and J. Lonsdorfer
VO2 kinetics reveal a central limitation at the onset of subthreshold exercise in heart transplant recipients
J Appl Physiol, April 1, 2000; 88(4): 1228 - 1238.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
H. Green, B. Roy, S. Grant, M. Burnett, R. Tupling, C. Otto, A. Pipe, and D. McKenzie
Downregulation in muscle Na+-K+-ATPase following a 21-day expedition to 6,194 m
J Appl Physiol, February 1, 2000; 88(2): 634 - 640.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol.Home page
N. Hayashi, M. Ishihara, A. Tanaka, and T. Yoshida
Impeding O2 unloading in muscle delays oxygen uptake response to exercise onset in humans
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, November 1, 1999; 277(5): R1274 - R1281.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
M.-L. Chuang, H. Ting, T. Otsuka, X.-G. Sun, F. Y. L. Chiu, W. L. Beaver, J. E. Hansen, D. A. Lewis, and K. Wasserman
Aerobically generated CO2 stored during early exercise
J Appl Physiol, September 1, 1999; 87(3): 1048 - 1058.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
T. A. Bauer, J. G. Regensteiner, E. P. Brass, and W. R. Hiatt
Oxygen uptake kinetics during exercise are slowed in patients with peripheral arterial disease
J Appl Physiol, August 1, 1999; 87(2): 809 - 816.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Physiol.Home page
H B Rossiter, S A Ward, V L Doyle, F A Howe, J R Griffiths, and B J Whipp
Inferences from pulmonary O2 uptake with respect to intramuscular [phosphocreatine] kinetics during moderate exercise in humans
J. Physiol., August 1, 1999; 518(3): 921 - 932.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
H. Green, S. Grant, E. Bombardier, and D. Ranney
Initial aerobic power does not alter muscle metabolic adaptations to short-term training
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, July 1, 1999; 277(1): E39 - E48.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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