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J Appl Physiol 80: 261-270, 1996;
8750-7587/96 $5.00
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Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol 80, Issue 1 261-270, Copyright © 1996 by American Physiological Society

ARTICLES

Composition and size of type I, IIA, IID/X, and IIB fibers and citrate synthase activity of rat muscle

M. D. Delp and C. Duan
Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843-4243, USA.

A population of muscle fibers containing a myosin heavy-chain isoform IId (or 2x) has recently been identified in rat muscle. The purpose of this study was to histochemically determine the relative population and size of muscle fibers composed of type IID/X fibers as well as type I, IIA, and IIB fibers to estimate the absolute mass of the different types of fibers in rat muscle. In addition, muscle citrate synthase activity was measured to determine the relationship between fiber composition and muscle oxidative capacity. Seventy-six muscles or muscle parts from the face, neck, shoulder, arm, trunk, hip, thigh, and leg of three adult (4.5-5 mo of age) male Sprague-Dawley rats were removed, weighed, and frozen for histochemical and biochemical analyses. The data demonstrated that type IIB fibers make up 71% of the total muscle mass, type IID/X fibers 18%, type IIA fibers 5%, and type I fibers 6%. The mean cross-sectional area across all muscles was 5,078 +/- 175 microns 2 for type IIB fibers, 3,078 +/- 105 microns2 for type IID/X fibers, 2,045 +/- 80 microns2 for type IIA fibers, and 1,898 +/- 90 microns2 for type I fibers. Citrate synthase activity, an indicator of muscle mitochondrial content, was most closely related to the population of type IIA fibers and was in the rank order of type IIA > I > IID/X > IIB. NADH-tetrazolium reductase staining intensity also confirmed this order. These data demonstrate that type IID/X fibers make up a significant portion of the adult rat muscle mass and are intermediate to type IIA and IIB fibers in regard to fiber size and oxidative potential.


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R. T. Hepple and J. E. Vogell
Anatomic capillarization is maintained in relative excess of fiber oxidative capacity in some skeletal muscles of late middle-aged rats
J Appl Physiol, June 1, 2004; 96(6): 2257 - 2264.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Eur Respir JHome page
J.P. Mattson, M.D. Delp, and D.C. Poole
Differential effects of emphysema on skeletal muscle fibre atrophy in hamsters
Eur. Respir. J., May 1, 2004; 23(5): 703 - 707.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Physiol.Home page
S. A. Spier, M. D. Delp, C. J. Meininger, A. J. Donato, M. W. Ramsey, and J. M. Muller-Delp
Effects of ageing and exercise training on endothelium-dependent vasodilatation and structure of rat skeletal muscle arterioles
J. Physiol., May 1, 2004; 556(3): 947 - 958.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
P. McDonough, B. J. Behnke, T. I. Musch, and D. C. Poole
Recovery of microvascular PO2 during the exercise off-transient in muscles of different fiber type
J Appl Physiol, March 1, 2004; 96(3): 1039 - 1044.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
J. S. Otis, R. R. Roy, V. R. Edgerton, and R. J. Talmadge
Adaptations in metabolic capacity of rat soleus after paralysis
J Appl Physiol, February 1, 2004; 96(2): 584 - 596.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Cardiovasc ResHome page
B.J Behnke, M.D Delp, P McDonough, S.A Spier, D.C Poole, and T.I Musch
Effects of chronic heart failure on microvascular oxygen exchange dynamics in muscles of contrasting fiber type
Cardiovasc Res, February 1, 2004; 61(2): 325 - 332.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
T. I. Musch, K. E. Eklund, K. S. Hageman, and D. C. Poole
Altered regional blood flow responses to submaximal exercise in older rats
J Appl Physiol, January 1, 2004; 96(1): 81 - 88.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
M. H. Laughlin, C. R. Woodman, W. G. Schrage, D. Gute, and E. M. Price
Interval sprint training enhances endothelial function and eNOS content in some arteries that perfuse white gastrocnemius muscle
J Appl Physiol, January 1, 2004; 96(1): 233 - 244.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
J. R. Fowles, H. J. Green, and J. Ouyang
Na+-K+-ATPase in rat skeletal muscle: content, isoform, and activity characteristics
J Appl Physiol, January 1, 2004; 96(1): 316 - 326.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
J. E. Stelzer and J. J. Widrick
Effect of hindlimb suspension on the functional properties of slow and fast soleus fibers from three strains of mice
J Appl Physiol, December 1, 2003; 95(6): 2425 - 2433.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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 J. Exp. Biol.Home page
R. R. Watson, T. A. Miller, and R. W. Davis
Immunohistochemical fiber typing of harbor seal skeletal muscle
J. Exp. Biol., November 15, 2003; 206(22): 4105 - 4111.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
P. T. Fueger, S. Heikkinen, D. P. Bracy, C. M. Malabanan, R. R. Pencek, M. Laakso, and D. H. Wasserman
Hexokinase II partial knockout impairs exercise-stimulated glucose uptake in oxidative muscles of mice
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, November 1, 2003; 285(5): E958 - E963.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Physiol.Home page
O. J G Birot, N. Koulmann, A. Peinnequin, and X. A Bigard
Exercise-Induced Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor mRNA in Rat Skeletal Muscle is Dependent on Fibre Type
J. Physiol., October 1, 2003; 552(1): 213 - 221.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol.Home page
A. M. Rodriguez, P. Roca, M. L. Bonet, C. Pico, P. Oliver, and A. Palou
Positive correlation of skeletal muscle UCP3 mRNA levels with overweight in male, but not in female, rats
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, October 1, 2003; 285(4): R880 - R888.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
A. D. Karelis, F. Peronnet, and P. F. Gardiner
Insulin does not mediate the attenuation of fatigue associated with glucose infusion in rat plantaris muscle
J Appl Physiol, July 1, 2003; 95(1): 330 - 335.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.Home page
J. A. Russell, C. A. Kindig, B. J. Behnke, D. C. Poole, and T. I. Musch
Effects of aging on capillary geometry and hemodynamics in rat spinotrapezius muscle
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, June 5, 2003; 285(1): H251 - H258.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Physiol.Home page
B. J Behnke, P. McDonough, D. J Padilla, T. I Musch, and D. C Poole
Oxygen exchange profile in rat muscles of contrasting fibre types
J. Physiol., June 1, 2003; 549(2): 597 - 605.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
J. D. Schertzer, H. J. Green, T. A. Duhamel, and A. R. Tupling
Mechanisms underlying increases in SR Ca2+-ATPase activity after exercise in rat skeletal muscle
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, March 1, 2003; 284(3): E597 - E610.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
E. E. Spangenburg, T. Abraha, T. E. Childs, J. S. Pattison, and F. W. Booth
Skeletal muscle IGF-binding protein-3 and -5 expressions are age, muscle, and load dependent
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, February 1, 2003; 284(2): E340 - E350.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Histochem. Cytochem.Home page
J. P. Mattson, T. A. Miller, D. C. Poole, and M. D. Delp
Fiber Composition and Oxidative Capacity of Hamster Skeletal Muscle
J. Histochem. Cytochem., December 1, 2002; 50(12): 1685 - 1692.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 DiabetesHome page
M. A. Iglesias, J.-M. Ye, G. Frangioudakis, A. K. Saha, E. Tomas, N. B. Ruderman, G. J. Cooney, and E. W. Kraegen
AICAR Administration Causes an Apparent Enhancement of Muscle and Liver Insulin Action in Insulin-Resistant High-Fat-Fed Rats
Diabetes, October 1, 2002; 51(10): 2886 - 2894.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.Home page
J. M. Muller-Delp, S. A. Spier, M. W. Ramsey, and M. D. Delp
Aging impairs endothelium-dependent vasodilation in rat skeletal muscle arterioles
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, October 1, 2002; 283(4): H1662 - H1672.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
A. Aaker and M. H. Laughlin
Differential adenosine sensitivity of diaphragm and skeletal muscle arterioles
J Appl Physiol, September 1, 2002; 93(3): 848 - 856.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
C. M. Geer, B. J. Behnke, P. McDonough, and D. C. Poole
Dynamics of microvascular oxygen pressure in the rat diaphragm
J Appl Physiol, July 1, 2002; 93(1): 227 - 232.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
Y. Burelle and P. W. Hochachka
Endurance training induces muscle-specific changes in mitochondrial function in skinned muscle fibers
J Appl Physiol, June 1, 2002; 92(6): 2429 - 2438.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol.Home page
M. Z. Tucker and L. P. Turcotte
Brief food restriction increases FA oxidation and glycogen synthesis under insulin-stimulated conditions
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, April 1, 2002; 282(4): R1210 - R1218.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
G. Py, K. Lambert, A. Perez-Martin, E. Raynaud, C. Prefaut, and J. Mercier
Impaired sarcolemmal vesicle lactate uptake and skeletal muscle MCT1 and MCT4 expression in obese Zucker rats
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, December 1, 2001; 281(6): E1308 - E1315.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
R. Bergeron, J. M. Ren, K. S. Cadman, I. K. Moore, P. Perret, M. Pypaert, L. H. Young, C. F. Semenkovich, and G. I. Shulman
Chronic activation of AMP kinase results in NRF-1 activation and mitochondrial biogenesis
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, December 1, 2001; 281(6): E1340 - E1346.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol.Home page
T. A. Miller, L. A. Lesniewski, J. M. Muller-Delp, A. K. Majors, D. Scalise, and M. D. Delp
Hindlimb unloading induces a collagen isoform shift in the soleus muscle of the rat
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, November 1, 2001; 281(5): R1710 - R1717.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Physiol.Home page
H. Takekura, N. Fujinami, T. Nishizawa, H. Ogasawara, and N. Kasuga
Eccentric exercise-induced morphological changes in the membrane systems involved in excitation-contraction coupling in rat skeletal muscle
J. Physiol., June 1, 2001; 533(2): 571 - 583.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 DiabetesHome page
R. Bergeron, S. F. Previs, G. W. Cline, P. Perret, R. R. Russell III, L. H. Young, and G. I. Shulman
Effect of 5-Aminoimidazole-4-Carboxamide-1-{beta}-D-Ribofuranoside Infusion on In Vivo Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Lean and Obese Zucker Rats
Diabetes, May 1, 2001; 50(5): 1076 - 1082.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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 Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol.Home page
S. O. A. Koskinen, W. Wang, A. M. Ahtikoski, M. Kjar, X. Y. Han, J. Komulainen, V. Kovanen, and T. E. S. Takala
Acute exercise induced changes in rat skeletal muscle mRNAs and proteins regulating type IV collagen content
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, May 1, 2001; 280(5): R1292 - R1300.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol.Home page
R. Murphy, G. McConell, D. Cameron-Smith, K. Watt, L. Ackland, B. Walzel, T. Wallimann, and R. Snow
Creatine transporter protein content, localization, and gene expression in rat skeletal muscle
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, March 1, 2001; 280(3): C415 - C422.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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