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J Appl Physiol 78: 1203-1207, 1995;
8750-7587/95 $5.00
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Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol 78, Issue 3 1203-1207, Copyright © 1995 by American Physiological Society

ARTICLES

Glucose kinetics during high-intensity exercise in endurance-trained and untrained humans

A. R. Coggan, C. A. Raguso, B. D. Williams, L. S. Sidossis and A. Gastaldelli
Metabolism Unit, Shriners Burns Institute, Galveston, Texas, USA.

In humans, endurance training reduces the rates of glucose production and utilization during moderate-intensity exercise. It is uncertain, however, whether this is also true during high-intensity exercise. Accordingly, we studied eight endurance-trained cyclists and eight untrained subjects during 30 min of cycling at approximately 80% of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). Rates of glucose appearance (Ra) and disappearance (Rd) were determined using a primed, continuous infusion of [6,6-2H]glucose. Average glucose Ra during exercise did not differ in the trained and untrained subjects (34.3 +/- 3.6 vs. 36.0 +/- 1.7 mumol.min-1.kg-1; mean +/- SE; P, not significant). Plasma insulin, glucagon, norepinephrine, and epinephrine concentrations were also similar in the two groups. In contrast, glucose Rd during exercise was 19% lower in the trained compared with the untrained subjects (27.0 +/- 2.6 vs. 33.2 +/- 1.5 mumol.min-1.kg-1; P < 0.001). Consequently, during exercise, plasma glucose concentration rose significantly (P < 0.05) in the trained subjects but did not change in the untrained subjects. We conclude that utilization of plasma glucose is lower in trained subjects during high-intensity exercise, even when the exercise is performed at the same relative (and therefore a higher absolute) intensity as in the untrained state. Hyperglycemia in trained subjects during intense exercise appears to be due to this lower rate of glucose utilization rather than a higher rate of glucose production.


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