Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol 77, Issue 6 2519-2521, Copyright © 1994 by American Physiological Society

ARTICLES

Nitric oxide release is present from incubated skeletal muscle preparations

T. W. Balon and J. L. Nadler
Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California 91010.

To determine whether nitric oxide (NO) synthase activity exists in rat skeletal muscle, media from incubated rat extensor digitorum longus muscle preparations were assayed for NO with a chemiluminescent detection system. Although small amounts of NO were detected in media alone, the addition of muscle increased NO concentration in the media by 30-fold. The release of NO into the media diminished over time. Either arginine (10(-6) M), sodium nitroprusside (10(-6) M), or prior electrical stimulation in vivo caused 50-200% increases (P < 0.05) in NO concentration. NG-monomethyl-L-arginine monoacetate (10(-6) M), an NO synthase inhibitor, decreased both basal 2-deoxyglucose transport and NO efflux, indicating that NO may play a role in modulating skeletal muscle carbohydrate metabolism. These data indicate that NO is released from an incubated skeletal muscle preparation and presents the possibility that muscle-derived NO may play an important metabolic role.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				B. K. Pedersen Edward F. Adolph Distinguished Lecture: Muscle as an endocrine organ: IL-6 and other myokines J Appl Physiol, October 1, 2009; 107(4): 1006 - 1014. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. S. Lee-Young, S. R. Griffee, S. E. Lynes, D. P. Bracy, J. E. Ayala, O. P. McGuinness, and D. H. Wasserman Skeletal Muscle AMP-activated Protein Kinase Is Essential for the Metabolic Response to Exercise in Vivo J. Biol. Chem., September 4, 2009; 284(36): 23925 - 23934. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. K. Dua, N. Dua, and C. L. Murrant Skeletal muscle contraction-induced vasodilator complement production is dependent on stimulus and contraction frequency Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, July 1, 2009; 297(1): H433 - H442. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				W. Song, H.-B. Kwak, J.-H. Kim, and J. M. Lawler Exercise Training Modulates the Nitric Oxide Synthase Profile in Skeletal Muscle From Old Rats J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, May 1, 2009; 64A(5): 540 - 549. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. J. Ray and J. M. Marshall Nitric oxide (NO) does not contribute to the generation or action of adenosine during exercise hyperaemia in rat hindlimb J. Physiol., April 1, 2009; 587(7): 1579 - 1591. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. K. Powers and M. J. Jackson Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress: Cellular Mechanisms and Impact on Muscle Force Production Physiol Rev, October 1, 2008; 88(4): 1243 - 1276. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. K. Pedersen and M. A. Febbraio Muscle as an Endocrine Organ: Focus on Muscle-Derived Interleukin-6 Physiol Rev, October 1, 2008; 88(4): 1379 - 1406. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. V. Brooks, A. Vasilaki, L. M. Larkin, A. McArdle, and M. J. Jackson Repeated bouts of aerobic exercise lead to reductions in skeletal muscle free radical generation and nuclear factor {kappa}B activation J. Physiol., August 15, 2008; 586(16): 3979 - 3990. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. F. Ferreira and M. B. Reid Muscle-derived ROS and thiol regulation in muscle fatigue J Appl Physiol, March 1, 2008; 104(3): 853 - 860. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. D. Wadley, J. Choate, and G. K. McConell NOS isoform-specific regulation of basal but not exercise-induced mitochondrial biogenesis in mouse skeletal muscle J. Physiol., November 15, 2007; 585(1): 253 - 262. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				V. A. Lira, Q. A. Soltow, J. H. D. Long, J. L. Betters, J. E. Sellman, and D. S. Criswell Nitric oxide increases GLUT4 expression and regulates AMPK signaling in skeletal muscle Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, October 1, 2007; 293(4): E1062 - E1068. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Steensberg, C. Keller, T. Hillig, C. Frosig, J. F. P. Wojtaszewski, B. K. Pedersen, H. Pilegaard, and M. Sander Nitric oxide production is a proximal signaling event controlling exercise-induced mRNA expression in human skeletal muscle FASEB J, September 1, 2007; 21(11): 2683 - 2694. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Pye, J. Palomero, T. Kabayo, and M. J. Jackson Real-time measurement of nitric oxide in single mature mouse skeletal muscle fibres during contractions J. Physiol., May 15, 2007; 581(1): 309 - 318. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. J. Jackson, D. Pye, and J. Palomero The production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species by skeletal muscle J Appl Physiol, April 1, 2007; 102(4): 1664 - 1670. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. D. Wadley and G. K. McConell Effect of nitric oxide synthase inhibition on mitochondrial biogenesis in rat skeletal muscle J Appl Physiol, January 1, 2007; 102(1): 314 - 320. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Van Gammeren, D. J. Falk, M. A. Deering, K. C. DeRuisseau, and S. K. Powers Diaphragmatic nitric oxide synthase is not induced during mechanical ventilation J Appl Physiol, January 1, 2007; 102(1): 157 - 162. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				W. Zhao, S. A. Swanson, J. Ye, X. Li, J. M. Shelton, W. Zhang, and G. D. Thomas Reactive Oxygen Species Impair Sympathetic Vasoregulation in Skeletal Muscle in Angiotensin II-Dependent Hypertension Hypertension, October 1, 2006; 48(4): 637 - 643. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. P. Fischer, N. J. Hiscock, S. Basu, B. Vessby, A. Kallner, L.-B. Sjoberg, M. A. Febbraio, and B. K. Pedersen Vitamin E isoform-specific inhibition of the exercise-induced heat shock protein 72 expression in humans J Appl Physiol, May 1, 2006; 100(5): 1679 - 1687. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. K. McConell, N. N. Huynh, R. S. Lee-Young, B. J. Canny, and G. D. Wadley L-Arginine infusion increases glucose clearance during prolonged exercise in humans Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, January 1, 2006; 290(1): E60 - E66. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. J Jackson Reactive oxygen species and redox-regulation of skeletal muscle adaptations to exercise Phil Trans R Soc B, December 29, 2005; 360(1464): 2285 - 2291. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. W. Franks, J. Luan, I. Barroso, S. Brage, J. L. G. Sanchez, U. Ekelund, M. S. Rios, A. J. Schafer, S. O'Rahilly, and N. J. Wareham Variation in the eNOS Gene Modifies the Association Between Total Energy Expenditure and Glucose Intolerance Diabetes, September 1, 2005; 54(9): 2795 - 2801. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Milkiewicz, O. Hudlicka, M. D. Brown, and H. Silgram Nitric oxide, VEGF, and VEGFR-2: interactions in activity-induced angiogenesis in rat skeletal muscle Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, July 1, 2005; 289(1): H336 - H343. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. X. Nguyen, A. J. Lusis, and J. G. Tidball Null mutation of myeloperoxidase in mice prevents mechanical activation of neutrophil lysis of muscle cell membranes in vitro and in vivo J. Physiol., June 1, 2005; 565(2): 403 - 413. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. G. Tidball Inflammatory processes in muscle injury and repair Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, February 1, 2005; 288(2): R345 - R353. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				X. Zhu, L. M. A. Heunks, E. M. M. Versteeg, H. F. M. van der Heijden, L. Ennen, T. H. van Kuppevelt, J. Vina, and P. N. R. Dekhuijzen Hypoxia-induced dysfunction of rat diaphragm: role of peroxynitrite Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, January 1, 2005; 288(1): L16 - L26. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				F McArdle, S Spiers, H Aldemir, A Vasilaki, A Beaver, L Iwanejko, A McArdle, and M. J Jackson Preconditioning of skeletal muscle against contraction-induced damage: the role of adaptations to oxidants in mice J. Physiol., November 15, 2004; 561(1): 233 - 244. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. J. Sigal, G. P. Kenny, D. H. Wasserman, and C. Castaneda-Sceppa Physical Activity/Exercise and Type 2 Diabetes Diabetes Care, October 1, 2004; 27(10): 2518 - 2539. [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Arbogast and M. B. Reid Oxidant activity in skeletal muscle fibers is influenced by temperature, CO2 level, and muscle-derived nitric oxide Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, October 1, 2004; 287(4): R698 - R705. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. S. Zhang, W. E. Kraus, and G. A. Truskey Stretch-induced nitric oxide modulates mechanical properties of skeletal muscle cells Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, August 1, 2004; 287(2): C292 - C299. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Toyoda, T. Hayashi, L. Miyamoto, S. Yonemitsu, M. Nakano, S. Tanaka, K. Ebihara, H. Masuzaki, K. Hosoda, G. Inoue, et al. Possible involvement of the {alpha}1 isoform of 5'AMP-activated protein kinase in oxidative stress-stimulated glucose transport in skeletal muscle Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, July 1, 2004; 287(1): E166 - E173. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Shearer, P. T. Fueger, B. Vorndick, D. P. Bracy, J. N. Rottman, J. A. Clanton, and D. H. Wasserman AMP Kinase-Induced Skeletal Muscle Glucose But Not Long-Chain Fatty Acid Uptake Is Dependent on Nitric Oxide Diabetes, June 1, 2004; 53(6): 1429 - 1435. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. McArdle, J. van der Meulen, G. L. Close, D. Pattwell, H. Van Remmen, T. T. Huang, A. G. Richardson, C. J. Epstein, J. A. Faulkner, and M. J. Jackson Role of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase in contraction-induced generation of reactive oxygen species in skeletal muscle extracellular space Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, May 1, 2004; 286(5): C1152 - C1158. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M Khassaf, A McArdle, C Esanu, A Vasilaki, F McArdle, R D Griffiths, D A Brodie, and M J Jackson Effect of vitamin C supplements on antioxidant defence and stress proteins in human lymphocytes and skeletal muscle J. Physiol., June 1, 2003; 549(2): 645 - 652. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				X. Zhu, L. M. A. Heunks, H. A. Machiels, L. Ennen, and P. N. R. Dekhuijzen Effects of modulation of nitric oxide on rat diaphragm isotonic contractility during hypoxia J Appl Physiol, February 1, 2003; 94(2): 612 - 620. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. A. Kingwell, M. Formosa, M. Muhlmann, S. J. Bradley, and G. K. McConell Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition Reduces Glucose Uptake During Exercise in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes More Than in Control Subjects Diabetes, August 1, 2002; 51(8): 2572 - 2580. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. W. Booth, M. V. Chakravarthy, S. E. Gordon, and E. E. Spangenburg Waging war on physical inactivity: using modern molecular ammunition against an ancient enemy J Appl Physiol, July 1, 2002; 93(1): 3 - 30. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Sakamoto and L. J. Goodyear Exercise Effects on Muscle Insulin Signaling and Action: Invited Review: Intracellular signaling in contracting skeletal muscle J Appl Physiol, July 1, 2002; 93(1): 369 - 383. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. Chavoshan, M. Sander, T. E Sybert, J. Hansen, R. G Victor, and G. D Thomas Nitric oxide-dependent modulation of sympathetic neural control of oxygenation in exercising human skeletal muscle J. Physiol., April 1, 2002; 540(1): 377 - 386. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. U. P. Brandao Rondon, M. J. N. N. Alves, A. M. F. W. Braga, O. T. U. N. Teixeira, A. C. P. Barretto, E. M. Krieger, and C. E. Negrao Postexercise blood pressure reduction in elderly hypertensive patients J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., February 20, 2002; 39(4): 676 - 682. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L.-E. Chen, K. Liu, W.-N. Qi, E. Joneschild, X. Tan, A. V. Seaber, J. S. Stamler, and J. R. Urbaniak Role of nitric oxide in vasodilation in upstream muscle during intermittent pneumatic compression J Appl Physiol, February 1, 2002; 92(2): 559 - 566. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. M. A. Heunks, H. A. Machiels, P. N. R. Dekhuijzen, Y. S. Prakash, and G. C. Sieck Nitric oxide affects sarcoplasmic calcium release in skeletal myotubes J Appl Physiol, November 1, 2001; 91(5): 2117 - 2124. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. M. A. Heunks, M. J. Cody, P. C. Geiger, P. N. R. Dekhuijzen, and G. C. Sieck Nitric oxide impairs Ca2+ activation and slows cross-bridge cycling kinetics in skeletal muscle J Appl Physiol, November 1, 2001; 91(5): 2233 - 2239. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. W. Grange, A. Meeson, E. Chin, K. S. Lau, J. T. Stull, J. M. Shelton, R. S. Williams, and D. J. Garry Functional and molecular adaptations in skeletal muscle of myoglobin-mutant mice Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, November 1, 2001; 281(5): C1487 - C1494. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. A Richter, W. Derave, and J. F P Wojtaszewski Glucose, exercise and insulin: emerging concepts J. Physiol., September 1, 2001; 535(2): 313 - 322. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Piatti, L. D. Monti, G. Valsecchi, F. Magni, E. Setola, F. Marchesi, M. Galli-Kienle, G. Pozza, and K. G. M.M. Alberti Long-Term Oral L-Arginine Administration Improves Peripheral and Hepatic Insulin Sensitivity in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Diabetes Care, May 1, 2001; 24(5): 875 - 880. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				U Frandsen, J Bangsbo, M Sander, L Hoffner, A Betak, B Saltin, and Y Hellsten Exercise-induced hyperaemia and leg oxygen uptake are not altered during effective inhibition of nitric oxide synthase with NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester in humans J. Physiol., February 15, 2001; 531(1): 257 - 264. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. W. GRANGE, E. ISOTANI, K. S. LAU, K. E. KAMM, P. L. HUANG, and J. T. STULL Nitric oxide contributes to vascular smooth muscle relaxation in contracting fast-twitch muscles Physiol Genomics, February 7, 2001; 5(1): 35 - 44. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y. Higaki, M. F. Hirshman, N. Fujii, and L. J. Goodyear Nitric Oxide Increases Glucose Uptake Through a Mechanism That Is Distinct From the Insulin and Contraction Pathways in Rat Skeletal Muscle Diabetes, February 1, 2001; 50(2): 241 - 247. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				J. S. Stamler and G. Meissner Physiology of Nitric Oxide in Skeletal Muscle Physiol Rev, January 1, 2001; 81(1): 209 - 237. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. Alloatti, C. Penna, F. Mariano, and G. Camussi Role of NO and PAF in the impairment of skeletal muscle contractility induced by TNF-alpha Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, December 1, 2000; 279(6): R2156 - R2163. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. A. Wunsch, J. Muller-Delp, and M. D. Delp Time course of vasodilatory responses in skeletal muscle arterioles: role in hyperemia at onset of exercise Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, October 1, 2000; 279(4): H1715 - H1723. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				U. Frandsen, L. Hoffner, A. Betak, B. Saltin, J. Bangsbo, and Y. Hellsten Endurance training does not alter the level of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in human skeletal muscle J Appl Physiol, September 1, 2000; 89(3): 1033 - 1038. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. A. Steiner, E. C. Carnio, and L. G. S. Branco Role of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in hypoxia-induced anapyrexia in rats J Appl Physiol, September 1, 2000; 89(3): 1131 - 1136. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. A. KINGWELL Nitric oxide-mediated metabolic regulation during exercise: effects of training in health and cardiovascular disease FASEB J, September 1, 2000; 14(12): 1685 - 1696. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				T. J. Koh and J. G. Tidball Nitric oxide inhibits calpain-mediated proteolysis of talin in skeletal muscle cells Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, September 1, 2000; 279(3): C806 - C812. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. M A Heunks and P N R. Dekhuijzen Respiratory muscle function and free radicals: from cell to COPD Thorax, August 1, 2000; 55(8): 704 - 716. [Full Text]

				M. R. McCurdy, P. N. Colleran, J. Muller-Delp, and M. D. Delp Physiology of a Microgravity Environment: Selected Contribution: Effects of fiber composition and hindlimb unloading on the vasodilator properties of skeletal muscle arterioles J Appl Physiol, July 1, 2000; 89(1): 398 - 405. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Baron, D. Galimberti, L. Meda, E. Prat, E. Scarpini, G. Conti, M. Moggio, A. Prelle, and G. Scarlato Synergistic effect of {beta}-amyloid protein and interferon gamma on nitric oxide production by C2C12 muscle cells Brain, February 1, 2000; 123(2): 374 - 379. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. S. LAU, R. W. GRANGE, E. ISOTANI, I. H. SARELIUS, K. E. KAMM, P. L. HUANG, and J. T. STULL nNOS and eNOS modulate cGMP formation and vascular response in contracting fast-twitch skeletal muscle Physiol Genomics, January 24, 2000; 2(1): 21 - 27. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				W. Hirschfield, M. R. Moody, W. E. O'Brien, A. R. Gregg, R. M. Bryan Jr., and M. B. Reid Nitric oxide release and contractile properties of skeletal muscles from mice deficient in type III NOS Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, January 1, 2000; 278(1): R95 - R100. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				O.-P. Pitkanen, H. Laine, J. Kemppainen, E. Eronen, A. Alanen, M. Raitakari, O. Kirvela, U. Ruotsalainen, J. Knuuti, V. A Koivisto, et al. Sodium nitroprusside increases human skeletal muscle blood flow, but does not change flow distribution or glucose uptake J. Physiol., December 15, 1999; 521(3): 729 - 737. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. G. Tidball, M. J. Spencer, M. Wehling, and E. Lavergne Nitric-oxide Synthase Is a Mechanical Signal Transducer That Modulates Talin and Vinculin Expression J. Biol. Chem., November 12, 1999; 274(46): 33155 - 33160. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. S. Segal, S. E. Brett, and W. C. Sessa Codistribution of NOS and caveolin throughout peripheral vasculature and skeletal muscle of hamsters Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, September 1, 1999; 277(3): H1167 - H1177. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. K. Roberts, R. J. Barnard, A. Jasman, and T. W. Balon Acute exercise increases nitric oxide synthase activity in skeletal muscle Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, August 1, 1999; 277(2): E390 - E394. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. T. Ameredes and M. A. Provenzano Influence of nitric oxide on vascular resistance and muscle mechanics during tetanic contractions in situ J Appl Physiol, July 1, 1999; 87(1): 142 - 151. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. J. Henriksen, S. Jacob, T. R. Kinnick, E. B. Youngblood, M. B. Schmit, and G. J. Dietze ACE inhibition and glucose transport in insulinresistant muscle: roles of bradykinin and nitric oxide Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, July 1, 1999; 277(1): R332 - R336. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Bergeron, R. R. Russell III, L. H. Young, J.-M. Ren, M. Marcucci, A. Lee, and G. I. Shulman Effect of AMPK activation on muscle glucose metabolism in conscious rats Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, May 1, 1999; 276(5): E938 - E944. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Drexler Endothelium as a Therapeutic Target in Heart Failure Circulation, December 15, 1998; 98(24): 2652 - 2655. [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. S. Bredt NO skeletal muscle derived relaxing factor in Duchenne muscular dystrophy PNAS, December 8, 1998; 95(25): 14592 - 14593. [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. W. Brock, M. E. Tschakovsky, J. K. Shoemaker, J. R. Halliwill, M. J. Joyner, and R. L. Hughson Effects of acetylcholine and nitric oxide on forearm blood flow at rest and after a single muscle contraction J Appl Physiol, December 1, 1998; 85(6): 2249 - 2254. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Maddali, S. A. Rodeo, R. Barnes, R. F. Warren, and G. A. C. Murrell Postexercise Increase in Nitric Oxide in Football Players with Muscle Cramps Am. J. Sports Med., November 1, 1998; 26(6): 820 - 824. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. G. Tidball, E. Lavergne, K. S. Lau, M. J. Spencer, J. T. Stull, and M. Wehling Mechanical loading regulates NOS expression and activity in developing and adult skeletal muscle Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, July 1, 1998; 275(1): C260 - C266. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Q. El Dwairi, Y. Guo, A. Comtois, E. Zhu, M. T. Greenwood, D. S. Bredt, and S. N. A. Hussain Ontogenesis of Nitric Oxide Synthases in the Ventilatory Muscles Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., June 1, 1998; 18(6): 844 - 852. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				D. Roy, M. Perreault, and A. Marette Insulin stimulation of glucose uptake in skeletal muscles and adipose tissues in vivo is NO dependent Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, April 1, 1998; 274(4): E692 - E699. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Mäkimattila, M. Mäntysaari, A. Schlenzka, and P. S. H. Yki-Järvinen Mechanisms of Altered Hemodynamic and Metabolic Responses to Insulin in Patients with Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus and Autonomic Dysfunction J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., February 1, 1998; 83(2): 468 - 475. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				G. D Thomas and R. G Victor Nitric oxide mediates contraction-induced attenuation of sympathetic vasoconstriction in rat skeletal muscle J. Physiol., February 1, 1998; 506(3): 817 - 826. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Hayashi, J. F. P. Wojtaszewski, and L. J. Goodyear Exercise regulation of glucose transport in skeletal muscle Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, December 1, 1997; 273(6): E1039 - E1051. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y. Wu, B. Aghdasi, S. J. Dou, J. Z. Zhang, S. Q. Liu, and S. L. Hamilton Functional Interactions between Cytoplasmic Domains of the Skeletal Muscle Ca2+ Release Channel J. Biol. Chem., October 3, 1997; 272(40): 25051 - 25061. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. N. A. Hussain, Q. El-Dwairi, M. N. Abdul-Hussain, and D. Sakkal Expression of nitric oxide synthase isoforms in normal ventilatory and limb muscles J Appl Physiol, August 1, 1997; 83(2): 348 - 353. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. J. Reiser, W. O. Kline, and P. L. Vaghy Induction of neuronal type nitric oxide synthase in skeletal muscle by chronic electrical stimulation in vivo J Appl Physiol, April 1, 1997; 82(4): 1250 - 1255. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. Aghdasi, J.-Z. Zhang, Y. Wu, M. B. Reid, and S. L. Hamilton Multiple Classes of Sulfhydryls Modulate the Skeletal Muscle Ca2+ Release Channel J. Biol. Chem., February 7, 1997; 272(6): 3739 - 3748. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. W. Balon and J. L. Nadler Evidence that nitric oxide increases glucose transport in skeletal muscle J Appl Physiol, January 1, 1997; 82(1): 359 - 363. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. Silvagno, H. Xia, and D. S. Bredt Neuronal Nitric-oxide Synthase-µ, an Alternatively Spliced Isoform Expressed in Differentiated Skeletal Muscle J. Biol. Chem., May 10, 1996; 271(19): 11204 - 11208. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. D. Thomas, W. Zhang, and R. G. Victor Impaired Modulation of Sympathetic Vasoconstriction in Contracting Skeletal Muscle of Rats With Chronic Myocardial Infarctions : Role of Oxidative Stress Circ. Res., April 27, 2001; 88(8): 816 - 823. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]