Journal of Applied Physiology
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J Appl Physiol 73: 1494-1499, 1992;
8750-7587/92 $5.00
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Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol 73, Issue 4 1494-1499, Copyright © 1992 by American Physiological Society

ARTICLES

Immune responses and increased training of the elite athlete

T. J. Verde, S. G. Thomas, R. W. Moore, P. Shek and R. J. Shephard
Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Ten elite male runners (age, 29.8 +/- 1.7 yr; maximum oxygen consumption, 65.3 +/- 4.9 ml.kg-1.min-1; 10-km times, 31 min 43 s +/- 1 min 46 s) deliberately increased training schedules by an average of 38% for 3 wk. Resting heart rate and maximal oxygen intake were unchanged, but the heart rate response to acute exercise was decreased. Following heavy training, blood samples taken at rest showed trends to a decreased helper/suppressor cell ratio, an increased phytohemagglutinin (PHA)- and concanavalin (ConA)-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation, and a decreased production of immunoglobulins IgG and IgM. Whereas PHA-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation was initially unchanged by acute exercise, after 3 wk of heavy training the same acute exercise caused an 18% suppression of proliferation. Acute exercise following heavy training did not alter pokeweed-stimulated IgG or IgM synthesis. There was no correlation between changes in lymphocyte subpopulations, helper/suppressor ratios, and mitogen-induced cellular proliferation. The immune system of endurance-trained athletes at rest seemed to tolerate the stress of heavy training, but superimposition of a bout of acute exercise on the chronic stress of heavy training resulted in immunosuppression, which was transient and most likely not of clinical significance.


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