Journal of Applied Physiology AJP: Cell Physiology
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J Appl Physiol 68: 897-904, 1990;
8750-7587/90 $5.00
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Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol 68, Issue 3 897-904, Copyright © 1990 by American Physiological Society

ARTICLES

Sympathoadrenergic regulation and the adrenoceptor system

J. Jost, M. Weiss and H. Weicker
Department of Pathophysiology and Sports Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Federal Republic of Germany.

We investigated the effects of endurance and high-intensity training periods on the plasma catecholamine (CA) concentration at rest; on the basal alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor density, regulation, and function on circulating cells; and on the cardiovascular adaptation in long-distance runners and swimmers. The findings of each period were compared with those of untrained men. Endurance training of the long-distance runners and the swimmers led both to a reduced sympathetic activity at rest, indicated by lower CA values, and to a lower beta-receptor density and responsiveness on circulating lymphocytes and an increased alpha 2-receptor sensitivity on circulating platelets. During the high-intensity training period beta-receptor density and responsiveness increased, alpha 2-receptor sensitivity normalized, and heart rate as well as blood pressure values increased in both trained groups. The basal sympathetic activity remained reduced, but the norepinephrine-to-epinephrine (NE/EPI) ratio increased. The NE/EPI ratio might play an important part in the regulation of adrenoceptor density during these different training periods. Swimming-specific characteristics caused different physiological impacts compared with running training, but an attenuated baroreceptor sensitivity might be indicated in both intensively trained groups.


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