| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol 68, Issue 1 302-308, Copyright © 1990 by American Physiological Society
ARTICLES |
L. J. Tarnopolsky, J. D. MacDougall, S. A. Atkinson, M. A. Tarnopolsky and J. R. Sutton
Department of Physical Education, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
The effects of gender on substrate utilization during prolonged submaximal exercise were studied in six males and six equally trained females. After 3 days on a controlled diet (so that the proportions of carbohydrate, protein, and fat were identical), subjects ran on a treadmill at a velocity requiring an O2 consumption of approximately 65% of maximal. They ran a total "distance" of 15.5 km with a range in performance time of 90-101 min. Plasma glycerol, glucose, free fatty acids, and selected hormones (catecholamines, growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon) were measured throughout and after the run by sampling from an indwelling venous catheter, and glycogen utilization was calculated from pre- and postexercise needle biopsies of vastus lateralis. Exercise protein catabolism was estimated from 24-h urinary urea nitrogen excretion over the test day and a nonexercise day. The males were found to have significantly higher respiratory exchange ratios (mean 0.94 vs. 0.87), greater muscle glycogen utilization (by 25%), and greater urea nitrogen excretion (by 30%) than the females. No gender differences were evident in the hormonal response to the exercise with the exception of a lower insulin concentration and a higher epinephrine concentration in the males. We conclude that, during moderate-intensity long-duration exercise, females demonstrate greater lipid utilization and less carbohydrate and protein metabolism than equally trained and nourished males.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  M. C. Riddell, V. K. Jamnik, K. E. Iscoe, B. W. Timmons, and N. Gledhill Fat oxidation rate and the exercise intensity that elicits maximal fat oxidation decreases with pubertal status in young male subjects J Appl Physiol, August 1, 2008; 105(2): 742 - 748. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. R. Peterson, P. F. Soto, P. Herrero, B. S. Mohammed, M. S. Avidan, K. B. Schechtman, C. Dence, and R. J. Gropler Impact of Gender on the Myocardial Metabolic Response to Obesity J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. Img., July 1, 2008; 1(4): 424 - 433. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Mettler, P. Vaucher, P. M. Weingartner, C. Wenk, and P. C. Colombani Regular Endurance Training Does Not Influence the Glycemic Index Determination in Women J. Am. Coll. Nutr., April 1, 2008; 27(2): 321 - 325. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Vissing, S. L. McGee, C. Roepstorff, P. Schjerling, M. Hargreaves, and B. Kiens Effect of sex differences on human MEF2 regulation during endurance exercise Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, February 1, 2008; 294(2): E408 - E415. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. C. Devries, S. A. Lowther, A. W. Glover, M. J. Hamadeh, and M. A. Tarnopolsky IMCL area density, but not IMCL utilization, is higher in women during moderate-intensity endurance exercise, compared with men Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, December 1, 2007; 293(6): R2336 - R2342. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. A. Sandoval, B. Gong, and S. N. Davis Antecedent short-term central nervous system administration of estrogen and progesterone alters counterregulatory responses to hypoglycemia in conscious male rats Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, December 1, 2007; 293(6): E1511 - E1516. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. C. Henderson, J. A. Fattor, M. A. Horning, N. Faghihnia, M. L. Johnson, T. L. Mau, M. Luke-Zeitoun, and G. A. Brooks Lipolysis and fatty acid metabolism in men and women during the postexercise recovery period J. Physiol., November 1, 2007; 584(3): 963 - 981. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. M. Scott, B. T. A. Esch, M. J. Haykowsky, S. Isserow, M. S. Koehle, B. G. Hughes, D. Zbogar, S. S. D. Bredin, D. C. McKenzie, and D. E. R. Warburton Sex differences in left ventricular function and beta-receptor responsiveness following prolonged strenuous exercise J Appl Physiol, February 1, 2007; 102(2): 681 - 687. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C Gonzalez-Haro, P A Galilea, J M Gonzalez-de-Suso, F Drobnic, J F Escanero, and M Chander Maximal lipidic power in high competitive level triathletes and cyclists * Commentary Br. J. Sports Med., January 1, 2007; 41(1): 23 - 28. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Roepstorff, M. Donsmark, M. Thiele, B. Vistisen, G. Stewart, K. Vissing, P. Schjerling, D. G. Hardie, H. Galbo, and B. Kiens Sex differences in hormone-sensitive lipase expression, activity, and phosphorylation in skeletal muscle at rest and during exercise Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, November 1, 2006; 291(5): E1106 - E1114. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. C. Devries, M. J. Hamadeh, S. M. Phillips, and M. A. Tarnopolsky Menstrual cycle phase and sex influence muscle glycogen utilization and glucose turnover during moderate-intensity endurance exercise Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, October 1, 2006; 291(4): R1120 - R1128. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. J Stevenson, C. Williams, L. E Mash, B. Phillips, and M. L Nute Influence of high-carbohydrate mixed meals with different glycemic indexes on substrate utilization during subsequent exercise in women. Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, August 1, 2006; 84(2): 354 - 360. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Roepstorff, M. Thiele, T. Hillig, H. Pilegaard, E. A. Richter, J. F. P. Wojtaszewski, and B. Kiens Higher skeletal muscle {alpha}2AMPK activation and lower energy charge and fat oxidation in men than in women during submaximal exercise J. Physiol., July 1, 2006; 574(1): 125 - 138. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. W Hoyt, P. K. Opstad, A.-H. Haugen, J. P DeLany, A. Cymerman, and K. E Friedl Negative energy balance in male and female rangers: effects of 7 d of sustained exercise and food deprivation Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, May 1, 2006; 83(5): 1068 - 1075. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. A. Pikosky, P. C. Gaine, W. F. Martin, K. C. Grabarz, A. A. Ferrando, R. R. Wolfe, and N. R. Rodriguez Aerobic Exercise Training Increases Skeletal Muscle Protein Turnover in Healthy Adults at Rest J. Nutr., February 1, 2006; 136(2): 379 - 383. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. C. Devries, M. J. Hamadeh, T. E. Graham, and M. A. Tarnopolsky 17{beta}-Estradiol Supplementation Decreases Glucose Rate of Appearance and Disappearance with No Effect on Glycogen Utilization during Moderate Intensity Exercise in Men J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., November 1, 2005; 90(11): 6218 - 6225. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. J. Hamadeh, M. C. Devries, and M. A. Tarnopolsky Estrogen Supplementation Reduces Whole Body Leucine and Carbohydrate Oxidation and Increases Lipid Oxidation in Men during Endurance Exercise J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., June 1, 2005; 90(6): 3592 - 3599. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. A. Jacobs, G. A. Casazza, S.-H. Suh, M. A. Horning, and G. A. Brooks Fatty acid reesterification but not oxidation is increased by oral contraceptive use in women J Appl Physiol, May 1, 2005; 98(5): 1720 - 1731. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Giannopoulou, L. L. Ploutz-Snyder, R. Carhart, R. S. Weinstock, B. Fernhall, S. Goulopoulou, and J. A. Kanaley Exercise Is Required for Visceral Fat Loss in Postmenopausal Women with Type 2 Diabetes J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., March 1, 2005; 90(3): 1511 - 1518. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. C. Venables, J. Achten, and A. E. Jeukendrup Determinants of fat oxidation during exercise in healthy men and women: a cross-sectional study J Appl Physiol, January 1, 2005; 98(1): 160 - 167. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. J. Arkinstall, C. R. Bruce, S. A. Clark, C. A. Rickards, L. M. Burke, and J. A. Hawley Regulation of fuel metabolism by preexercise muscle glycogen content and exercise intensity J Appl Physiol, December 1, 2004; 97(6): 2275 - 2283. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. J. C. van Loon Use of intramuscular triacylglycerol as a substrate source during exercise in humans J Appl Physiol, October 1, 2004; 97(4): 1170 - 1187. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Perreault, J. M. Lavely, B. C. Bergman, and T. J. Horton Gender differences in insulin action after a single bout of exercise J Appl Physiol, September 1, 2004; 97(3): 1013 - 1021. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. A. Casazza, K. A. Jacobs, S.-H. Suh, B. F. Miller, M. A. Horning, and G. A. Brooks Menstrual cycle phase and oral contraceptive effects on triglyceride mobilization during exercise J Appl Physiol, July 1, 2004; 97(1): 302 - 309. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. K. Hunter, A. Critchlow, I.-S. Shin, and R. M. Enoka Men are more fatigable than strength-matched women when performing intermittent submaximal contractions J Appl Physiol, June 1, 2004; 96(6): 2125 - 2132. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. S. Lamont, A. J. McCullough, and S. C. Kalhan Gender differences in the regulation of amino acid metabolism J Appl Physiol, September 1, 2003; 95(3): 1259 - 1265. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. L. Andrews, D. A. Sedlock, M. G. Flynn, J. W. Navalta, and H. Ji Carbohydrate loading and supplementation in endurance-trained women runners J Appl Physiol, August 1, 2003; 95(2): 584 - 590. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. A. Sandoval, A. C. Ertl, M. A. Richardson, D. B. Tate, and S. N. Davis Estrogen Blunts Neuroendocrine and Metabolic Responses to Hypoglycemia Diabetes, July 1, 2003; 52(7): 1749 - 1755. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Stellingwerff, M. J. Watt, G. J. F. Heigenhauser, and L. L. Spriet Effects of reduced free fatty acid availability on skeletal muscle PDH activation during aerobic exercise Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, March 1, 2003; 284(3): E589 - E596. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. W. Timmons, O. Bar-Or, and M. C. Riddell Oxidation rate of exogenous carbohydrate during exercise is higher in boys than in men J Appl Physiol, January 1, 2003; 94(1): 278 - 284. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Galassetti, D. Tate, R. A. Neill, S. Morrey, and S. N. Davis Effect of Gender on Counterregulatory Responses to Euglycemic Exercise in Type 1 Diabetes J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., November 1, 2002; 87(11): 5144 - 5150. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. A. Kent-Braun, A. V. Ng, J. W. Doyle, and T. F. Towse Human skeletal muscle responses vary with age and gender during fatigue due to incremental isometric exercise J Appl Physiol, November 1, 2002; 93(5): 1813 - 1823. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S.-H. Suh, G. A. Casazza, M. A. Horning, B. F. Miller, and G. A. Brooks Luteal and follicular glucose fluxes during rest and exercise in 3-h postabsorptive women J Appl Physiol, July 1, 2002; 93(1): 42 - 50. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Mittendorfer, J. F. Horowitz, and S. Klein Effect of gender on lipid kinetics during endurance exercise of moderate intensity in untrained subjects Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, July 1, 2002; 283(1): E58 - E65. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. C. Ruby, A. R. Coggan, and T. W. Zderic Gender differences in glucose kinetics and substrate oxidation during exercise near the lactate threshold J Appl Physiol, March 1, 2002; 92(3): 1125 - 1132. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. A. Sandoval and K. S. Matt Gender differences in the endocrine and metabolic responses to hypoxic exercise J Appl Physiol, February 1, 2002; 92(2): 504 - 512. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Roepstorff, C. H. Steffensen, M. Madsen, B. Stallknecht, I.-L. Kanstrup, E. A. Richter, and B. Kiens Gender differences in substrate utilization during submaximal exercise in endurance-trained subjects Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, February 1, 2002; 282(2): E435 - E447. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. K. Hunter and R. M. Enoka Sex differences in the fatigability of arm muscles depends on absolute force during isometric contractions J Appl Physiol, December 1, 2001; 91(6): 2686 - 2694. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. A. Tarnopolsky, C. Zawada, L. B. Richmond, S. Carter, J. Shearer, T. Graham, and S. M. Phillips Gender differences in carbohydrate loading are related to energy intake J Appl Physiol, July 1, 2001; 91(1): 225 - 230. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. S. Lamont, A. J. McCullough, and S. C. Kalhan Gender differences in leucine, but not lysine, kinetics J Appl Physiol, July 1, 2001; 91(1): 357 - 362. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. L. Carter, C. Rennie, and M. A. Tarnopolsky Substrate utilization during endurance exercise in men and women after endurance training Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, June 1, 2001; 280(6): E898 - E907. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. L. Kennedy, W. C. Stanley, A. R. Panchal, and R. S. Mazzeo Alterations in enzymes involved in fat metabolism after acute and chronic altitude exposure J Appl Physiol, January 1, 2001; 90(1): 17 - 22. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. S. Mazzeo, J. D. Carroll, Gail. E. Butterfield, B. Braun, P. B. Rock, E. E. Wolfel, S. Zamudio, and L. G. Moore Catecholamine responses to {alpha}-adrenergic blockade during exercise in women acutely exposed to altitude J Appl Physiol, January 1, 2001; 90(1): 121 - 126. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Carter, S. McKenzie, M. Mourtzakis, D. J. Mahoney, and M. A. Tarnopolsky Short-term 17{beta}-estradiol decreases glucose Ra but not whole body metabolism during endurance exercise J Appl Physiol, January 1, 2001; 90(1): 139 - 146. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. H. Goedecke, A. S. C. Gibson, L. Grobler, M. Collins, T. D. Noakes, and E. V. Lambert Determinants of the variability in respiratory exchange ratio at rest and during exercise in trained athletes Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, December 1, 2000; 279(6): E1325 - E1334. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Binnert, H. A. Koistinen, G. Martin, F. Andreelli, P. Ebeling, V. A. Koivisto, M. Laville, J. Auwerx, and H. Vidal Fatty acid transport protein-1 mRNA expression in skeletal muscle and in adipose tissue in humans Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, November 1, 2000; 279(5): E1072 - E1079. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Tikuisis, I. Jacobs, D. Moroz, A. L. Vallerand, and L. Martineau Comparison of thermoregulatory responses between men and women immersed in cold water J Appl Physiol, October 1, 2000; 89(4): 1403 - 1411. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. W.R. Lemon Beyond the Zone: Protein Needs of Active Individuals J. Am. Coll. Nutr., October 1, 2000; 19(90005): 513S - 521. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. L. Walker, G. J. F. Heigenhauser, E. Hultman, and L. L. Spriet Dietary carbohydrate, muscle glycogen content, and endurance performance in well-trained women J Appl Physiol, June 1, 2000; 88(6): 2151 - 2158. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. A. Romijn, E. F. Coyle, L. S. Sidossis, J. Rosenblatt, and R. R. Wolfe Substrate metabolism during different exercise intensities in endurance-trained women J Appl Physiol, May 1, 2000; 88(5): 1707 - 1714. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. McKenzie, S. M. Phillips, S. L. Carter, S. Lowther, M. J. Gibala, and M. A. Tarnopolsky Endurance exercise training attenuates leucine oxidation and BCOAD activation during exercise in humans Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, April 1, 2000; 278(4): E580 - E587. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. B. Marliss, S. H. Kreisman, A. Manzon, J. B. Halter, M. Vranic, and S. J. Nessim Gender differences in glucoregulatory responses to intense exercise J Appl Physiol, February 1, 2000; 88(2): 457 - 466. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. P. Bailey, C. M. Zacher, and K. D. Mittleman Effect of menstrual cycle phase on carbohydrate supplementation during prolonged exercise to fatigue J Appl Physiol, February 1, 2000; 88(2): 690 - 697. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. N. Davis, P. Galassetti, D. H. Wasserman, and D. Tate Effects of Gender on Neuroendocrine and Metabolic Counterregulatory Responses to Exercise in Normal Man J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., January 1, 2000; 85(1): 224 - 230. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Burguera, D. Proctor, N. Dietz, Z. Guo, M. Joyner, and M. D. Jensen Leg free fatty acid kinetics during exercise in men and women Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, January 1, 2000; 278(1): E113 - E117. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Esbjornsson-Liljedahl, C. J. Sundberg, B. Norman, and E. Jansson Metabolic response in type I and type II muscle fibers during a 30-s cycle sprint in men and women J Appl Physiol, October 1, 1999; 87(4): 1326 - 1332. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. Eden Engstrom, F. A. Karlsson, and L. Wide Gender Differences in Diurnal Growth Hormone and Epinephrine Values in Young Adults during Ambulation Clin. Chem., August 1, 1999; 45(8): 1235 - 1239. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. M. Ettinger, D. H. Silber, K. S. Gray, M. B. Smith, Q. X. Yang, A. R. Kunselman, and L. I. Sinoway Effects of the ovarian cycle on sympathetic neural outflow during static exercise J Appl Physiol, December 1, 1998; 85(6): 2075 - 2081. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Volpi, P. Lucidi, G. B. Bolli, F. Santeusanio, and P. De Feo Gender Differences in Basal Protein Kinetics in Young Adults J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., December 1, 1998; 83(12): 4363 - 4367. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. J. Horton, M. J. Pagliassotti, K. Hobbs, and J. O. Hill Fuel metabolism in men and women during and after long-duration exercise J Appl Physiol, November 1, 1998; 85(5): 1823 - 1832. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
