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J Appl Physiol 65: 1-6, 1988;
8750-7587/88 $5.00
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Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol 65, Issue 1 1-6, Copyright © 1988 by American Physiological Society

ARTICLES

Exercise-induced muscle damage, repair, and adaptation in humans

P. M. Clarkson and I. Tremblay
Department of Exercise Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst 01003.

This study examined exercise-induced muscle damage, repair, and rapid adaptation. Eight college-age women performed three eccentric exercises of the forearm flexors. One arm performed 70 maximal contractions (70-MAX condition), and the other arm performed 24 maximal contractions (24-MAX) followed 2 wk later by 70 maximal contractions (70-MAX2). Criterion measures of serum creatine kinase, muscle soreness and pain, isometric strength, and muscle shortening were assessed before, immediately after, and for 5 days after each exercise. Significant changes in all criterion measures were found after the 70-MAX exercise with a slow recovery that was not complete by day 5 after exercise. The 24-MAX condition showed only small changes in the criterion measures. Changes in the criterion measures after the 70-MAX2 exercise were significantly smaller than those after the 70-MAX exercise. Results from this study, with regard to the ability of the muscle to adapt to exercise-induced damage, suggest that an adaptation takes place such that the muscle is more resistant to damage and any damage that does occur is repaired at a faster rate. It is also clear that a relatively small insult will produce this adaptation.


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