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J Appl Physiol 63: 1049-1057, 1987;
8750-7587/87 $5.00
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Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol 63, Issue 3 1049-1057, Copyright © 1987 by American Physiological Society

ARTICLES

Changes in quantity, composition, and surface activity of alveolar surfactant at birth

P. A. Stevens, J. R. Wright and J. A. Clements
Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco 94143.

We hypothesized that when the lung makes the transition from the fluid- to the air-filled state at birth, there are changes in physical and functional properties of the alveolar surfactant. To test this hypothesis, newborn rabbits were killed at different times in the first 24 h of life, their lungs lavaged with ice-cold saline, and the lavage fluid subfractionated by differential centrifugation. The phospholipid and protein content and composition and the kinetics of surface tension lowering of the subfractions were examined. We found that with the onset of breathing, shifts occur in the distribution of surfactant subfractions as a surfactant apoprotein-free phospholipid fraction is generated. The ratio of rapidly sedimentable apoprotein-rich to slowly sedimentable, apoprotein-free fractions decreases from 31 at birth to 4 at 24 h of life. Concurrently, rates of surface tension lowering by the subfractions increase with time. The results suggest that the adult pattern of pool sizes and surface activity of alveolar surfactant is not present at birth but evolves slowly over the 1st day of life.


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