Journal of Applied Physiology
HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced]


     

J Appl Physiol 61: 160-164, 1986;
8750-7587/86 $5.00
This Article
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Submit a response
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me when eLetters are posted
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Rigatto, H.
Right arrow Articles by Cates, D.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Rigatto, H.
Right arrow Articles by Cates, D.

Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol 61, Issue 1 160-164, Copyright © 1986 by American Physiological Society

ARTICLES

Fetal breathing and behavior measured through a double-wall Plexiglas window in sheep

H. Rigatto, M. Moore and D. Cates

The inability to see the fetus makes the assessment of fetal behavior difficult. To circumvent this problem we implanted a Plexiglas window in the left flank of the ewe. Fetuses were instrumented for measurements of sleep, breathing, and swallowing. Ten fetal sheep were studied on 32 occasions. Six fetuses were delivered through the window at term, and postnatal behavior was compared with intrauterine behavior. Fetuses observed during resting conditions alternated between periods of quiet sleep [high-voltage electrocortical activity (ECoG)] and active or rapid-eye-movement sleep (low-voltage ECoG). In quiet sleep, movements were absent except for periodic generalized electromyographic discharges. Eye and breathing movements were rare or absent. Swallowing was also absent. In active sleep, movements were increased with powerful breathing and swallowing activity. Fetal wakefulness defined by open eyes and purposeful movements of the head was never seen in utero but was clearly observed after delivery. We conclude that fetal wakefulness as defined postnatally was not able to be demonstrated in utero.


This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
B. J. Koos, T. Maeda, and C. Jan
Adenosine A1 and A2A receptors modulate sleep state and breathing in fetal sheep
J Appl Physiol, July 1, 2001; 91(1): 343 - 350.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Physiol. Rev.Home page
G. Hilaire and B. Duron
Maturation of the Mammalian Respiratory System
Physiol Rev, April 1, 1999; 79(2): 325 - 360.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ScienceHome page
R. Llinas
The intrinsic electrophysiological properties of mammalian neurons: insights into central nervous system function
Science, December 23, 1988; 242(4886): 1654 - 1664.
[Abstract] [PDF]


HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
Visit Other APS Journals Online