|
|
||||||||
Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol 56, Issue 4 831-838, Copyright © 1984 by American Physiological Society
ARTICLES |
J. O. Holloszy and E. F. Coyle
Regularly performed endurance exercise induces major adaptations in skeletal muscle. These include increases in the mitochondrial content and respiratory capacity of the muscle fibers. As a consequence of the increase in mitochondria, exercise of the same intensity results in a disturbance in homeostasis that is smaller in trained than in untrained muscles. The major metabolic consequences of the adaptations of muscle to endurance exercise are a slower utilization of muscle glycogen and blood glucose, a greater reliance on fat oxidation, and less lactate production during exercise of a given intensity. These adaptations play an important role in the large increase in the ability to perform prolonged strenuous exercise that occurs in response to endurance exercise training.
This article has been cited by other articles:
![]() |
F. N. Daussin, J. Zoll, E. Ponsot, S. P. Dufour, S. Doutreleau, E. Lonsdorfer, R. Ventura-Clapier, B. Mettauer, F. Piquard, B. Geny, et al. Training at high exercise intensity promotes qualitative adaptations of mitochondrial function in human skeletal muscle J Appl Physiol, May 1, 2008; 104(5): 1436 - 1441. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
T. P. J. Solomon, S. N. Sistrun, R. K. Krishnan, L. F. Del Aguila, C. M. Marchetti, S. M. O'Carroll, V. B. O'Leary, and J. P. Kirwan Exercise and diet enhance fat oxidation and reduce insulin resistance in older obese adults J Appl Physiol, May 1, 2008; 104(5): 1313 - 1319. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
T Tsakiris, P Angelogianni, C Tesseromatis, S Tsakiris, and K H Schulpis Effect of L-carnitine administration on the modulated rat brain protein concentration, acetylcholinesterase, Na+K+-ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase activities induced by forced swimming Br. J. Sports Med., May 1, 2008; 42(5): 367 - 372. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
H. J. Green, E. B. Bombardier, T. A. Duhamel, G. P. Holloway, A. R. Tupling, and J. Ouyang Acute responses in muscle mitochondrial and cytosolic enzyme activities during heavy intermittent exercise J Appl Physiol, April 1, 2008; 104(4): 931 - 937. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
N. S Rizzo, J. R Ruiz, L. Oja, T. Veidebaum, and M. Sjostrom Associations between physical activity, body fat, and insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment) in adolescents: the European Youth Heart Study Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, March 1, 2008; 87(3): 586 - 592. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. E. Osler and J. R. Zierath Minireview: Adenosine 5'-Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase Regulation of Fatty Acid Oxidation in Skeletal Muscle Endocrinology, March 1, 2008; 149(3): 935 - 941. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
H. J. Green, T. A. Duhamel, G. P. Holloway, J. W. Moule, D. W. Ranney, A. R. Tupling, and J. Ouyang Rapid upregulation of GLUT-4 and MCT-4 expression during 16 h of heavy intermittent cycle exercise Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, February 1, 2008; 294(2): R594 - R600. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. M. McAllister, S. C. Newcomer, E. R. Pope, J. R. Turk, and M. H. Laughlin Effects of chronic nitric oxide synthase inhibition on responses to acute exercise in swine J Appl Physiol, January 1, 2008; 104(1): 186 - 197. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. J. Joyner and E. F. Coyle Endurance exercise performance: the physiology of champions J. Physiol., January 1, 2008; 586(1): 35 - 44. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. R. Wende, P. J. Schaeffer, G. J. Parker, C. Zechner, D.-H. Han, M. M. Chen, C. R. Hancock, J. J. Lehman, J. M. Huss, D. A. McClain, et al. A Role for the Transcriptional Coactivator PGC-1{alpha} in Muscle Refueling J. Biol. Chem., December 14, 2007; 282(50): 36642 - 36651. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
E. E. Thomas, G. D. Vito, and A. Macaluso Speed training with body weight unloading improves walking energy cost and maximal speed in 75- to 85-year-old healthy women J Appl Physiol, November 1, 2007; 103(5): 1598 - 1603. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Ranalletta, X. Q. Du, Y. Seki, A. S. Glenn, M. Kruse, A. Fiallo, I. Estrada, T.-S. Tsao, A. E. Stenbit, E. B. Katz, et al. Hepatic response to restoration of GLUT4 in skeletal muscle of GLUT4 null mice Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, November 1, 2007; 293(5): E1178 - E1187. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. D. Mason, H. Rundqvist, I. Papandreou, R. Duh, W. J. McNulty, R. A. Howlett, I. M. Olfert, C. J. Sundberg, N. C. Denko, L. Poellinger, et al. HIF-1{alpha} in endurance training: suppression of oxidative metabolism Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, November 1, 2007; 293(5): R2059 - R2069. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. M. Jones, D. P. Wilkerson, N. J. Berger, and J. Fulford Influence of endurance training on muscle [PCr] kinetics during high-intensity exercise Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, July 1, 2007; 293(1): R392 - R401. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. M. Abeles, M. H. Pillinger, B. M. Solitar, and M. Abeles Narrative Review: The Pathophysiology of Fibromyalgia Ann Intern Med, May 15, 2007; 146(10): 726 - 734. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Fernstrom, L. Bakkman, M. Tonkonogi, I. G. Shabalina, Z. Rozhdestvenskaya, C. M. Mattsson, J. K. Enqvist, B. Ekblom, and K. Sahlin Reduced efficiency, but increased fat oxidation, in mitochondria from human skeletal muscle after 24-h ultraendurance exercise J Appl Physiol, May 1, 2007; 102(5): 1844 - 1849. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
G. W. Dorn II The Fuzzy Logic of Physiological Cardiac Hypertrophy Hypertension, May 1, 2007; 49(5): 962 - 970. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. L. Talanian, S. D. R. Galloway, G. J. F. Heigenhauser, A. Bonen, and L. L. Spriet Two weeks of high-intensity aerobic interval training increases the capacity for fat oxidation during exercise in women J Appl Physiol, April 1, 2007; 102(4): 1439 - 1447. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. Freyssenet Energy sensing and regulation of gene expression in skeletal muscle J Appl Physiol, February 1, 2007; 102(2): 529 - 540. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
B. Roels, C. Thomas, D. J. Bentley, J. Mercier, M. Hayot, and G. Millet Effects of intermittent hypoxic training on amino and fatty acid oxidative combustion in human permeabilized muscle fibers J Appl Physiol, January 1, 2007; 102(1): 79 - 86. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. A. Hahn, L. F. Ferreira, J. B. Williams, K. P. Jansson, B. J. Behnke, T. I. Musch, and D. C. Poole Downhill treadmill running trains the rat spinotrapezius muscle J Appl Physiol, January 1, 2007; 102(1): 412 - 416. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C Gonzalez-Haro, P A Galilea, J M Gonzalez-de-Suso, F Drobnic, J F Escanero, and M Chander Maximal lipidic power in high competitive level triathletes and cyclists * Commentary Br. J. Sports Med., January 1, 2007; 41(1): 23 - 28. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. L. Friedlander, K. A. Jacobs, J. A. Fattor, M. A. Horning, T. A. Hagobian, T. A. Bauer, E. E. Wolfel, and G. A. Brooks Contributions of working muscle to whole body lipid metabolism are altered by exercise intensity and training Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, January 1, 2007; 292(1): E107 - E116. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
K. Sahlin, M. Mogensen, M. Bagger, M. Fernstrom, and P. K. Pedersen The potential for mitochondrial fat oxidation in human skeletal muscle influences whole body fat oxidation during low-intensity exercise Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, January 1, 2007; 292(1): E223 - E230. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D Q Zhou, Y Hu, G Liu, L Gong, Y Xi, L Wen, and A Lucia Muscle-specific creatine kinase gene polymorphism and running economy responses to an 18-week 5000-m training programme * Commentary Br. J. Sports Med., December 1, 2006; 40(12): 988 - 991. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. C. Hannukainen, P. Nuutila, J. Kaprio, O. J Heinonen, U. M. Kujala, T. Janatuinen, T. Ronnemaa, J. Kapanen, M. Haaparanta-Solin, T. Viljanen, et al. Relationship between local perfusion and FFA uptake in human skeletal muscle--no effect of increased physical activity and aerobic fitness J Appl Physiol, November 1, 2006; 101(5): 1303 - 1311. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
K. Fredriksson, F. Hammarqvist, K. Strigard, K. Hultenby, O. Ljungqvist, J. Wernerman, and O. Rooyackers Derangements in mitochondrial metabolism in intercostal and leg muscle of critically ill patients with sepsis-induced multiple organ failure Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, November 1, 2006; 291(5): E1044 - E1050. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
Z. Wu, X. Huang, Y. Feng, C. Handschin, Y. Feng, P. S. Gullicksen, O. Bare, M. Labow, B. Spiegelman, and S. C. Stevenson Transducer of regulated CREB-binding proteins (TORCs) induce PGC-1{alpha} transcription and mitochondrial biogenesis in muscle cells PNAS, September 26, 2006; 103(39): 14379 - 14384. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. Edge, D. Bishop, and C. Goodman Effects of chronic NaHCO3 ingestion during interval training on changes to muscle buffer capacity, metabolism, and short-term endurance performance J Appl Physiol, September 1, 2006; 101(3): 918 - 925. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
G. A. Brown Teaching skeletal muscle adaptations to aerobic exercise using an American Physiological Society classic paper by Dr. Philip Gollnick and colleagues Advan Physiol Educ, September 1, 2006; 30(3): 113 - 118. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
F. G. S. Toledo, S. Watkins, and D. E. Kelley Changes Induced by Physical Activity and Weight Loss in the Morphology of Intermyofibrillar Mitochondria in Obese Men and Women J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., August 1, 2006; 91(8): 3224 - 3227. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. R. Bruce, A. B. Thrush, V. A. Mertz, V. Bezaire, A. Chabowski, G. J. F. Heigenhauser, and D. J. Dyck Endurance training in obese humans improves glucose tolerance and mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and alters muscle lipid content Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, July 1, 2006; 291(1): E99 - E107. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Fluck Functional, structural and molecular plasticity of mammalian skeletal muscle in response to exercise stimuli J. Exp. Biol., June 15, 2006; 209(12): 2239 - 2248. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
B. Walsh, R. B. Hooks, J. E. Hornyak, L. G. Koch, S. L. Britton, and M. C. Hogan Enhanced mitochondrial sensitivity to creatine in rats bred for high aerobic capacity J Appl Physiol, June 1, 2006; 100(6): 1765 - 1769. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
P. M. Garcia-Roves, J. Huss, and J. O. Holloszy Role of calcineurin in exercise-induced mitochondrial biogenesis Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, June 1, 2006; 290(6): E1172 - E1179. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
V. G. Coffey, A. Shield, B. J. Canny, K. A. Carey, D. Cameron-Smith, and J. A. Hawley Interaction of contractile activity and training history on mRNA abundance in skeletal muscle from trained athletes Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, May 1, 2006; 290(5): E849 - E855. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
B. Kiens Skeletal Muscle Lipid Metabolism in Exercise and Insulin Resistance Physiol Rev, January 1, 2006; 86(1): 205 - 243. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
P. J. Schaeffer, J. J. Villarin, D. J. Pierotti, D. P. Kelly, and S. L. Lindstedt Cost of transport is increased after cold exposure in Monodelphis domestica: training for inefficiency J. Exp. Biol., August 15, 2005; 208(16): 3159 - 3167. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. Cartoni, B. Leger, M. B. Hock, M. Praz, A. Crettenand, S. Pich, J.-L. Ziltener, F. Luthi, O. Deriaz, A. Zorzano, et al. Mitofusins 1/2 and ERR{alpha} expression are increased in human skeletal muscle after physical exercise J. Physiol., August 15, 2005; 567(1): 349 - 358. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. P Mattson and J. C Martin Emphysema-induced reductions in locomotory skeletal muscle contractile function Exp Physiol, July 1, 2005; 90(4): 519 - 525. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. P. Konhilas, U. Widegren, D. L. Allen, A. C. Paul, A. Cleary, and L. A. Leinwand Loaded wheel running and muscle adaptation in the mouse Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, July 1, 2005; 289(1): H455 - H465. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
K. A. Burgomaster, S. C. Hughes, G. J. F. Heigenhauser, S. N. Bradwell, and M. J. Gibala Six sessions of sprint interval training increases muscle oxidative potential and cycle endurance capacity in humans J Appl Physiol, June 1, 2005; 98(6): 1985 - 1990. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Ranalletta, H. Jiang, J. Li, T.S. Tsao, A. E. Stenbit, M. Yokoyama, E. B. Katz, and M. J. Charron Altered Hepatic and Muscle Substrate Utilization Provoked by GLUT4 Ablation Diabetes, April 1, 2005; 54(4): 935 - 943. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. B. Olsen, M. C. Orngreen, and J. Vissing Aerobic training improves exercise performance in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy Neurology, March 22, 2005; 64(6): 1064 - 1066. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
L. G. Koch, C. L. Green, A. D. Lee, J. E. Hornyak, G. T. Cicila, and S. L. Britton Test of the principle of initial value in rat genetic models of exercise capacity Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, February 1, 2005; 288(2): R466 - R472. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. Garnier, D. Fortin, J. Zoll, B. N'Guessan, B. Mettauer, E. Lampert, V. Veksler, and R. Ventura-Clapier Coordinated changes in mitochondrial function and biogenesis in healthy and diseased human skeletal muscle FASEB J, January 1, 2005; 19(1): 43 - 52. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. C. Venables, J. Achten, and A. E. Jeukendrup Determinants of fat oxidation during exercise in healthy men and women: a cross-sectional study J Appl Physiol, January 1, 2005; 98(1): 160 - 167. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. T. Putman, W. T. Dixon, J. A. Pearcey, I. M. MacLean, M. J. Jendral, M. Kiricsi, G. K. Murdoch, and D. Pette Chronic low-frequency stimulation upregulates uncoupling protein-3 in transforming rat fast-twitch skeletal muscle Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, December 1, 2004; 287(6): R1419 - R1426. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
E. P Brass, W. R Hiatt, and S. Green Skeletal muscle metabolic changes in peripheral arterial disease contribute to exercise intolerance: a point-counterpoint discussion Vascular Medicine, November 1, 2004; 9(4): 293 - 301. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
L. J. C. van Loon Use of intramuscular triacylglycerol as a substrate source during exercise in humans J Appl Physiol, October 1, 2004; 97(4): 1170 - 1187. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. M. Stary, O. Mathieu-Costello, and M. C. Hogan Resistance to fatigue of individual Xenopus single skeletal muscle fibres is correlated with mitochondrial volume density Exp Physiol, September 1, 2004; 89(5): 617 - 621. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
V. Becker, H. Gonzalez-Serratos, R. Alvarez, M. Baermann, C. Irles, and A. Ortega Effect of endurance exercise on the Ca2+ pumps from transverse tubule and sarcoplasmic reticulum of rabbit skeletal muscle J Appl Physiol, August 1, 2004; 97(2): 467 - 474. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
K. R. Howarth, P. J. LeBlanc, G. J. F. Heigenhauser, and M. J. Gibala Effect of endurance training on muscle TCA cycle metabolism during exercise in humans J Appl Physiol, August 1, 2004; 97(2): 579 - 584. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
B Knoepfli, M C Riddell, E Ganzoni, A Burki, B Villiger, and S P von Duvillard Off seasonal and pre-seasonal assessment of circulating energy sources during prolonged running at the anaerobic threshold in competitive triathletes Br. J. Sports Med., August 1, 2004; 38(4): 402 - 407. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
I. Momken, P. Lechene, R. Ventura-Clapier, and V. Veksler Voluntary physical activity alterations in endothelial nitric oxide synthase knockout mice Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, August 1, 2004; 287(2): H914 - H920. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. P. Kelly and R. C. Scarpulla Transcriptional regulatory circuits controlling mitochondrial biogenesis and function Genes & Dev., February 15, 2004; 18(4): 357 - 368. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. I. Larsen and K. Dickstein Can sedentary patients with heart failure achieve the beneficial effect of exercise training without moving? Eur. Heart J., January 2, 2004; 25(2): 104 - 106. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. V. Chakravarthy and F. W. Booth Eating, exercise, and "thrifty" genotypes: connecting the dots toward an evolutionary understanding of modern chronic diseases J Appl Physiol, January 1, 2004; 96(1): 3 - 10. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
L. Bahi, N. Koulmann, H. Sanchez, I. Momken, V. Veksler, A. X. Bigard, and R. Ventura-Clapier Does ACE inhibition enhance endurance performance and muscle energy metabolism in rats? J Appl Physiol, January 1, 2004; 96(1): 59 - 64. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. H. Laughlin, C. R. Woodman, W. G. Schrage, D. Gute, and E. M. Price Interval sprint training enhances endothelial function and eNOS content in some arteries that perfuse white gastrocnemius muscle J Appl Physiol, January 1, 2004; 96(1): 233 - 244. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
V. Bezaire, G. J. F. Heigenhauser, and L. L. Spriet Regulation of C |