Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol 55, Issue 5 1445-1455, Copyright © 1983 by American Physiological Society

ARTICLES

Changes in arteriole in acute and chronic hypoxic pulmonary hypertension and recovery in rat

S. S. Sobin, H. M. Tremer, J. D. Hardy and H. P. Chiodi

After 1 h of exposure to 0.5 atm of pressure, the electron microscopy of intra-acinar arterioles of the young female adult rat showed edema and subendothelial blebs. Pulmonary hypertension developed rapidly with an increase in hemoglobin, hematocrit, and right ventricular weight. By 24 h, there was a threefold increase in the number of fibroblasts within the arteriolar wall, followed during the next 2 days by transformation of the fibroblast through a transitional cell form to a smooth muscle cell. By 1 wk, the neomuscularization was essentially complete. There was further minor thickening and increase in density of the wall over the next 9 mo. On return to 1 atm after prolonged hypoxia, within 4 wk, the smooth muscle of neomuscularized arterioles dedifferentiated but did not disappear. There was a concurrent rapid fall in the pulmonary arterial pressure, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and right ventricular weight. Veins, capillaries, and arteries remained normal. Parallel studies in the male rat during 14 days of hypoxia demonstrated the same phenomena except slightly accelerated over the female. The rapid sequential changes in the arteriole, beginning with subendothelial blebs and wall edema, followed by fibroblast recruitment and transformation into smooth muscle through a transitional cell form, suggest a cascade. The anatomic and physiological responses to hypoxia are not sex related.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				O. Pak, A. Aldashev, D. Welsh, and A. Peacock The effects of hypoxia on the cells of the pulmonary vasculature Eur. Respir. J., August 1, 2007; 30(2): 364 - 372. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. R. Stenmark, K. A. Fagan, and M. G. Frid Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Circ. Res., September 29, 2006; 99(7): 675 - 691. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. R. Stenmark, N. Davie, M. Frid, E. Gerasimovskaya, and M. Das Role of the Adventitia in Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling Physiology, April 1, 2006; 21(2): 134 - 145. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Z. Li, W. Huang, Z. L. Jiang, H. Gregersen, and Y.-C. Fung Tissue remodeling of rat pulmonary arteries in recovery from hypoxic hypertension PNAS, August 3, 2004; 101(31): 11488 - 11493. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Maggiorini and F. Leon-Velarde High-altitude pulmonary hypertension: a pathophysiological entity to different diseases Eur. Respir. J., December 1, 2003; 22(6): 1019 - 1025. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. R. Stenmark, E. Gerasimovskaya, R. A. Nemenoff, and M. Das Hypoxic Activation of Adventitial Fibroblasts: Role in Vascular Remodeling Chest, December 1, 2002; 122(6_suppl): 326S - 334S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Earley and T. C. Resta Estradiol attenuates hypoxia-induced pulmonary endothelin-1 gene expression Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, July 1, 2002; 283(1): L86 - L93. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. Hopkins, E. Cadogan, S. Giles, and P. McLoughlin Chronic airway infection leads to angiogenesis in the pulmonary circulation J Appl Physiol, August 1, 2001; 91(2): 919 - 928. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				V. Hampl and J. Herget Role of Nitric Oxide in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Pulmonary Hypertension Physiol Rev, October 1, 2000; 80(4): 1337 - 1372. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				W. L. Hanson, D. F. Boggs, J. M. Kay, S. E. Hofmeister, O. Okada, and W. W. Wagner Jr. Pulmonary vascular response of the coati to chronic hypoxia J Appl Physiol, March 1, 2000; 88(3): 981 - 986. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				W. Huang, Z. Shen, N. E. Huang, and Y. C. Fung Nonlinear indicial response of complex nonstationary oscillations as pulmonary hypertension responding to step hypoxia PNAS, March 2, 1999; 96(5): 1834 - 1839. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				W. Huang, Z. Shen, N. E. Huang, and Y. C. Fung Use of intrinsic modes in biology: Examples of indicial response of pulmonary blood pressure to ± step hypoxia PNAS, October 27, 1998; 95(22): 12766 - 12771. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. S. Hill, R. R. Warburton, L. Pietras, and J. R. Klinger Nonspecific endothelin-receptor antagonist blunts monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats J Appl Physiol, October 1, 1997; 83(4): 1209 - 1215. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. L. Colice, N. Hill, Y.-J. Lee, H. Du, J. Klinger, J. C. Leiter, and L.-C. Ou Exaggerated pulmonary hypertension with monocrotaline in rats susceptible to chronic mountain sickness J Appl Physiol, July 1, 1997; 83(1): 25 - 31. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]