Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol 51, Issue 3 750-754, Copyright © 1981 by American Physiological Society

ARTICLES

Training-induced alterations of the in vivo force-velocity relationship of human muscle

V. J. Caiozzo, J. J. Perrine and V. R. Edgerton

Seventeen male and female subjects (ages 20-38 yr) were tested pre- and posttraining for maximal knee extension torque at seven specific velocities (0, 0.84, 1.68, 2.51, 3.35, 4.19, and 5.03 rad . s-1) with an isokinetic dynamometer. Maximal knee extension torques were recorded at a specific joint angle (0.52 rad below the horizontal plane) for all test speeds. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of three experimental groups: group A, control, n = 7; group B, training at 1.68 rad . s-1, n = 5; or group C, training at 4.19 rad . s-1, n = 5. Subjects trained the knee extensors by performing two sets of 10 single maximal voluntary efforts three times a week for 4 wk. Before training, each training group exhibited a leveling-off of muscular tension in the slow velocity-high force region of the in vivo force-velocity relationship. Training at 1.68 rad . s-1 resulted in significant (P less than 0.05) improvements at all velocities except for 5.03 rad . s-1 and markedly affected the leveling-off in the slow velocity-high force region. Training at 4.19 rad . s-1 did not affect the leveling-off phenomenon but brought about significant improvements (P less than 0.05) at velocities of 2.51, 3.35, and 4.19 rad . s-1. The changes seen in the leveling-off phenomenon suggest that training at 1.68 rad . s-1 might have brought about an enhancement of motoneuron activation.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				S Argentin, C Hausswirth, T Bernard, F Bieuzen, J-M Leveque, A Couturier, R Lepers, and F Vercruyssen Relation between preferred and optimal cadences during two hours of cycling in triathletes * Commentary. Br. J. Sports Med., April 1, 2006; 40(4): 293 - 298. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. L. Andersen, J. L. Andersen, S. P. Magnusson, C. Suetta, J. L. Madsen, L. R. Christensen, and P. Aagaard Changes in the human muscle force-velocity relationship in response to resistance training and subsequent detraining J Appl Physiol, July 1, 2005; 99(1): 87 - 94. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. F. Signorile, M. P. Carmel, S. Lai, and B. A. Roos Early plateaus of power and torque gains during high- and low-speed resistance training of older women J Appl Physiol, April 1, 2005; 98(4): 1213 - 1220. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N Kofotolis, I S Vrabas, E Vamvakoudis, A Papanikolaou, and K Mandroukas Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation training induced alterations in muscle fibre type and cross sectional area Br. J. Sports Med., March 1, 2005; 39(3): e11 - e11. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				W. J. Evans Protein Nutrition, Exercise and Aging J. Am. Coll. Nutr., December 1, 2004; 23(suppl_6): 601S - 609S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J P Folland, C S Irish, J C Roberts, J E Tarr, D A Jones, and A Williams Fatigue is not a necessary stimulus for strength gains during resistance training * Commentary Br. J. Sports Med., October 1, 2002; 36(5): 370 - 373. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. F. Signorile, M. P. Carmel, S. J. Czaja, S. S. Asfour, R. O. Morgan, T. M. Khalil, F. Ma, and B. A. Roos Differential Increases in Average Isokinetic Power by Specific Muscle Groups of Older Women Due to Variations in Training and Testing J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., October 1, 2002; 57(10): M683 - 690. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. Babault, M. Pousson, Y. Ballay, and J. Van Hoecke Activation of human quadriceps femoris during isometric, concentric, and eccentric contractions J Appl Physiol, December 1, 2001; 91(6): 2628 - 2634. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Aagaard, E. B. Simonsen, J. L. Andersen, S. P. Magnusson, J. Halkjar-Kristensen, and P. Dyhre-Poulsen Neural inhibition during maximal eccentric and concentric quadriceps contraction: effects of resistance training J Appl Physiol, December 1, 2000; 89(6): 2249 - 2257. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. J. Shealy, R. Callister, G. A. Dudley, and S. J. Fleck Human torque velocity adaptations to sprint, endurance, or combined modes of training Am. J. Sports Med., September 1, 1992; 20(5): 581 - 586. [Abstract] [PDF]

				C. A. Prietto and V. J. Caiozzo The in vivo force-velocity relationship of the knee flexors and extensors Am. J. Sports Med., September 1, 1989; 17(5): 607 - 611. [Abstract] [PDF]

				E. S. Gerard, V. J. Caiozzo, B. D. Rubin, C. A. Prietto, and D. M. Davidson Skeletal muscle profiles in elite springboard and platform divers Am. J. Sports Med., March 1, 1987; 15(2): 125 - 128. [Abstract] [PDF]

				E. S. Gerard, V. J. Caiozzo, B. D. Rubin, C. A. Prietto, and D. M. Davidson Skeletal muscle rofiles amon elite long, middle, and short distance swimmers Am. J. Sports Med., January 1, 1986; 14(1): 77 - 82. [Abstract] [PDF]

				M. G. Stafford and W. A. Grana Hamstring/quadriceps ratios in college football players: A high velocity evaluation Am. J. Sports Med., June 1, 1984; 12(3): 209 - 211. [Abstract] [PDF]

				C. A. Prietto, V. J. Caiozzo, P. P. Prietto, and W. C. Mcmaster Closed versus open partial meniscectomy: Postoperative changes in the force-velocity relationship of muscle Am. J. Sports Med., July 1, 1983; 11(4): 189 - 194. [Abstract] [PDF]

				W. M. Sherman, D. R. Pearson, M. J. Plyley, D. L. Costill, A. J. Habansky, and D. A. Vogelgesang Isokinetic rehabilitation after surgery: A review of factors which are important for developing physiotherapeutic techniques after knee surgery Am. J. Sports Med., June 1, 1982; 10(3): 155 - 161. [Abstract] [PDF]