Silver-silver chloride electrode as a nonpolarizable bioelectrode

¹ Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinoi

A thermal-electrolytic method for the preparation of Ag AgCl electrodes suitable for measurement of bioelectrical changes in the microvolt range is given in detail. A potential of 0.5 mv or less between electrode pairs is easily attained; and such electrodes will accurately measure emf generated by both steady and fluctuating phenomena down to ±5 µv under routine laboratory conditions. Studies in the variations in potential for pairs of electrodes from the time they are introduced into the circuit until they reach a stable state, as well as long-term drift are presented. These data are analyzed in terms of activation, ohmic, and concentration polarization effects.