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J Appl Physiol 16: 960-968, 1961;
8750-7587/61 $5.00
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Quantitative assessment of body build

Albert R. Behnke 1

1 Division of Research, Lankenau Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and San Francisco Institute of Medical Sciences, Presbyterian Medical Center, San Francisco, California

A quantitative classification of body build is outlined for adolescents and adults based on 11 circumferences and 8 diameters which can be converted by division with appropriate constants into d quotients. Selected d quotients are then placed in three categories, d(A), d(B), and d(C), which indicate numerically degree of fatness (A), muscularity (B), and skeletal size (C). Equivalent weights, W(A), W(B), and W(C) can be derived from d(A), d(B), and d(C), and in fractional proportions add up to body weight. The anthropometric rating is in terms of A, B, and C, each component related to the other two. The A and B components derived from circumferences can be related directly to body weight. The C component based on skeletal diameters requires further evaluation in relation to chemical and biophysical analysis of body structure. The d quotients when related to body weight or lean body weight provide the basis for a somatogram which depicts intraindividual variations of the various measured parameters as deviations from (See PDF). The system with invariant conversion constants, specific for each sex, has been adequate to describe numerically the fat, muscular, and skeletal components of body build both in the male and female over an age range of 14–93 years, and with variation in stature from 150 to 200 cm and in weight from 40 to 150 kg.

Submitted on June 5, 1961




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