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CNTF 1357 G A polymorphism and the muscle strength response to resistance training

¹Department of Physical Education and Human Performance, Central Connecticut State University, New Britain, ; ²Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs; ; ⁹Division of Cardiology, Henry Low Heart Center, Hartford Hospital, Hartford; ; ¹¹Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; ; ³Department of Health Professions and Center for Lifestyle Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando; ; ⁸Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University, Davie, Florida; ; ⁴Department of Exercise Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts; ; ⁵Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; ; ⁷Human Performance Laboratory, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan; ; ⁶Department of Sport Science and Health, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland; and ; ¹⁰Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC

Submitted 30 June 2008 ; accepted in final form 6 July 2009

The present study examined associations between the ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) 1357 G A polymorphism and the muscle strength response to a unilateral, upper arm resistance-training (RT) program among healthy, young adults. Subjects were 754 Caucasian men (40%) and women (60%) who were genotyped and performed a training program of the nondominant (trained) arm with the dominant (untrained) arm as a comparison. Peak elbow flexor strength was measured with one repetition maximum, isometric strength with maximum voluntary contraction, and bicep cross-sectional area with MRI in the trained and untrained arms before and after training. Women with the CNTF GG genotype gained more absolute isometric strength, as measured by MVC (6.5 ± 0.3 vs. 5.2 ± 0.5 kg), than carriers of the CNTF A1357 allele in the trained arm pre- to posttraining (P < 0.05). No significant associations were seen in men. Women with the CNTF GG genotype gained more absolute dynamic (1.0 ± 0.1 vs. 0.6 ± 0.1 kg) and allometric (0.022 ± 0.0 vs. 0.015 ± 0.0 kg/kg^–0.67) strength, as measured by 1 RM, than carriers of the CNTF A1357 allele in the untrained arm pre- to posttraining (P < 0.05). No significant associations were seen in men. No significant associations, as measured by cross-sectional area, were seen in men or women. The CNTF 1357 G A polymorphism explains only a small portion of the variability in the muscle strength response to training in women.

ciliary neurotrophic factor; exercise; genomics; muscle mass