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J Appl Physiol 105: 1291-1300, 2008. First published August 21, 2008; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.90375.2008
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3D 3He diffusion MRI as a local in vivo morphometric tool to evaluate emphysematous rat lungs

R. E. Jacob,1 K. R. Minard,1 G. Laicher,2 and C. Timchalk1

1Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington; and 2University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah

Submitted 7 March 2008 ; accepted in final form 14 August 2008

In this work, we investigate 3He magnetic resonance imaging as a noninvasive morphometric tool to assess emphysematous disease state on a local level. Emphysema was induced intratracheally in rats with 25 U/100 g body wt of porcine pancreatic elastase dissolved in 200 µl saline. Rats were then paired with saline-dosed controls. Nine three-dimensional (3D) 3He diffusion-weighted images were acquired at 1, 2, or 3 wk postdose, after which the lungs were harvested and prepared for histological analysis. Recently introduced indexes sensitive to the heterogeneity of the air space size distribution were calculated. These indexes, D1 and D2, were derived from the moments of the mean equivalent airway diameters. Averaged over the entire lung, it is shown that the average 3He diffusivity (Dave) correlates well with histology (R = 0.85, P < 0.0001). By matching small (0.046 cm2) regions in 3He images with corresponding regions in histological slices, Dave correlates significantly with both D1 and D2 (R = 0.88 and R = 0.90, respectively, with P < 0.0001). It is concluded that 3He MRI is a viable noninvasive morphometric tool for localized in vivo emphysema assessment.

hyperpolarized gas; elastase; lung histology; diffusion anisotropy


Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: R. E. Jacob, 902 Battelle Blvd., P.O. Box 999 MSIN P7-58, Richland, WA 99352 (e-mail: richard.jacob{at}pnl.gov)






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