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Speed training with body weight unloading improves walking energy cost and maximal speed in 75- to 85-year-old healthy women

Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom

Submitted 13 April 2007 ; accepted in final form 5 September 2007

This randomized controlled study was designed to prove the hypothesis that a novel approach to high-speed interval training, based on walking on a treadmill with the use of body weight unloading (BWU), would have improved energy cost and speed of overground walking in healthy older women. Participants were randomly assigned to either the exercise group (n = 11, 79.6 ± 3.7 yr, mean ± SD) or the nonintervention control group (n = 11, 77.6 ± 2.3 yr). During the first 6 wk, the exercise group performed walking interval training on the treadmill with 40% BWU at the maximal walking speed corresponding to an intensity close to heart rate at ventilatory threshold (T_vent walking speed). Each session consisted of four sets of 5 min of walking (three 1-min periods at T_vent walking speed, with two 1-min intervals at comfortable walking speed in between each period at T_vent walking speed) with 1-min interval between each set. Speed was increased session by session until the end of week 6. BWU was then progressively reduced to 10% during the last 6 wk of intervention. After 12 wk, the walking energy cost per unit of distance at all self-selected overground walking speeds (slow, comfortable, and fast) was significantly reduced in the range from 18 to 21%. The exercise group showed a 13% increase in maximal walking speed and a 67% increase in mechanical power output at T_vent after the training program. The novel "overspeed" training approach has been demonstrated to be effective in improving energy cost and speed of overground walking in healthy older women.

randomized controlled trial; walking speed; walking economy; ventilatory threshold; aging