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J Appl Physiol 101: 1727-1732, 2006. First published August 10, 2006; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00345.2006
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Effect of a short-term diet and exercise intervention on inflammatory/anti-inflammatory properties of HDL in overweight/obese men with cardiovascular risk factors

Christian K. Roberts,1 Carey Ng,2 Susan Hama,2 Anna Jane Eliseo,1 and R. James Barnard1

1Department of Physiological Science, and 2Atherosclerosis Research Unit, University of California, Los Angeles, California

Submitted 22 March 2006 ; accepted in final form 31 July 2006

There is significant debate regarding high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and high-fiber, low-fat diets. The present study was designed to examine the effects of lifestyle modification on the inflammatory/anti-inflammatory properties of HDL in obese men (n = 22) with metabolic syndrome factors. Subjects were placed on a high-fiber, low-fat diet in a 3-wk residential program where food was provided ad libitum and daily aerobic exercise was performed. Fasting blood was drawn pre- and postintervention for serum lipids, lipid hydroperoxides, and the ability of subject HDL to alter low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-induced monocyte chemotactic activity (MCA) in a human artery wall coculture. Induction of MCA by control LDL in the absence of HDL was normalized to 1.0. Values >1.0 after HDL addition indicated proinflammatory HDL; values <1.0 indicated anti-inflammatory HDL. In addition, proteins involved in regulating HDL function, apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), paraoxonase 1 and 3, and platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase were measured. After 3 wk, decreases in total-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-C, triglycerides, total cholesterol-to-HDL cholesterol ratio, and lipid hydroperoxides (all P < 0.05) were noted. The HDL inflammatory index decreased (P < 0.05) from pro- (1.14 ± 0.11) to anti-inflammatory (0.94 ± 0.09). ApoA-I level and paraoxonase activity did not change; however, platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase activity increased (P < 0.05). Despite a quantitative reduction in HDL-C, HDL converted from pro- to anti-inflammatory. These data indicate that intensive lifestyle modification improves the function of HDL even in the face of reduced levels, suggesting increased turnover of proinflammatory HDL.

atherosclerosis; lipids; apolipoprotein A-I; paraoxonase; platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase; high-density lipoprotein


Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: C. K. Roberts, Dept. of Physiological Science, UCLA, 4101 Life Sciences Bldg., 621 Charles E. Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606 (e-mail: croberts{at}ucla.edu)




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