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J Appl Physiol 101: 1576-1580, 2006. First published November 10, 2005; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01119.2004
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Adipose tissue extracts plasma ammonia after sprint exercise in women and men

Mona Esbjörnsson,1 Jens Bülow,3 Barbara Norman,1 Lene Simonsen,3 Jacek Nowak,1 Olav Rooyackers,2 Lennart Kaijser,1 and Eva Jansson1

1Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Physiology, 2Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care at the Centre for Surgical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and 3Department of Clinical Physiology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark

Submitted 5 October 2004 ; accepted in final form 7 November 2005

This study evaluates a possible contribution of adipose tissue to the elimination of plasma ammonia (NH3) after high-intensity sprint exercise. In 14 healthy men and women, repeated blood samples for plasma NH3 analyses were obtained from brachial artery and from a subcutaneous abdominal vein before and after three repeated 30-s cycle sprints separated by 20 min of recovery. Biopsies from subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue were obtained and analyzed for glutamine and glutamate content. After exercise, both arterial and abdominal venous plasma NH3 concentrations were lower in women than in men (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively). All postexercise measurements showed sex-independent positive arterio-subcutaneous abdominal venous plasma NH3 concentration differences (a-vabd), indicating a net uptake of NH3 from blood to adipose tissue. However, the fractional extraction (a-vabd/a) of NH3 was higher in women than in men (P < 0.05). The glutamine-to-glutamate ratio in adipose tissue was increased after the second and third bout of sprint exercise (2.2 ± 0.7 and 1.6 ± 0.8, respectively) compared with the value at rest (1.2 ± 0.6), suggesting a reaction of the extracted NH3 with glutamate resulting in its conversion to glutamine. Adipose tissue may thus play an important physiological role in eliminating plasma NH3 and thereby reducing the risk of NH3 intoxication after high-intensity exercise.

glutamine; glutamate; biopsy; sex; Wingate test


Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: M. Esbjörnsson, Dept. of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska Univ. Hospital, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden (e-mail: mona.esbjornsson{at}ki.se)






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