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Effect of a short-acting NO donor on bubble formation from a saturation dive in pigs

Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway

Submitted 19 September 2005 ; accepted in final form 12 July 2006

It has previously been reported that a nitric oxide (NO) donor reduces bubble formation from an air dive and that blocking NO production increases bubble formation. The present study was initiated to see whether a short-acting NO donor (glycerol trinitrate, 5 mg/ml; Nycomed Pharma) given immediately before start of decompression would affect the amount of vascular bubbles during and after decompression from a saturation dive in pigs. A total of 14 pigs (Sus scrofa domestica of the strain Norsk landsvin) were randomly divided into an experimental (n = 7) and a control group (n = 7). The pigs were anesthetized with ketamine and -chloralose and compressed in a hyperbaric chamber to 500 kPa (40 m of seawater) in 2 min, and they had 3-h bottom time while breathing nitrox (35 kPa O₂). The pigs were all decompressed to the surface (100 kPa) at a rate of 200 kPa/h. During decompression, the inspired PO₂ of the breathing gas was kept at 100 kPa. Thirty minutes before decompression, the experimental group received a short-acting NO donor intravenously, while the control group were given equal amounts of saline. The average number of bubbles seen during the observation period decreased from 0.2 to 0.02 bubbles/cm² (P < 0.0001) in the experimental group compared with the controls. The present study gives further support to the role of NO in preventing vascular bubble formation after decompression.

diving

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