Journal of Applied Physiology AJP: Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology
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J Appl Physiol 101: 1386-1393, 2006. First published June 22, 2006; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00342.2006
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Increased serum erythropoietin but not red cell production after 4 wk of intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (4,000–5,500 m)

Christopher J. Gore,1 Ferran A. Rodríguez,2,3 Martin J. Truijens,2,4 Nathan E. Townsend,5 James Stray-Gundersen,2 and Benjamin D. Levine2

1Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra, Australia; 2Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Presbyterian Hospital of Dallas and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas; 3Institut Nacional d'Educació Física de Catalunya, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; 4Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and 5New South Wales Institute of Sport, Sydney, Australia

Submitted 21 March 2006 ; accepted in final form 16 June 2006

This study tested the hypothesis that athletes exposed to 4 wk of intermittent hypobaric hypoxia exposure (3 h/day, 5 days/wk at 4,000–5,500 m) or double-blind placebo increase their red blood cell volume (RCV) and hemoglobin mass (Hbmass) secondary to an increase in erythropoietin (EPO). Twenty-three collegiate level athletes were measured before (Pre) and after (Post) the intervention for RCV via Evans blue (EB) dye and in duplicate for Hbmass using CO rebreathing. Hematological indexes including EPO, soluble transferrin receptor, and reticulocyte parameters were measured on 8–10 occasions spanning the intervention. The subjects were randomly divided among hypobaric hypoxia (Hypo, n = 11) and normoxic (Norm, n = 12) groups. Apart from doubling EPO concentration 3 h after hypoxia there was no increase in any of the measures for either Hypo or Norm groups. The mean change in RCV from Pre to Post for the Hypo group was 2.3% (95% confidence limits = –4.8 to 9.5%) and for the Norm group was –0.2% (–5.7 to 5.3%). The corresponding changes in Hbmass were 1.0% (–1.3 to 3.3%) for Hypo and –0.3% (–2.6 to 3.1%) for Norm. There was good agreement between blood volume (BV) from EB and CO: EB BV = 1.03 x CO BV + 142, r2 = 0.85, P < 0.0001. Overall, evidence from four independent techniques (RCV, Hbmass, reticulocyte parameters, and soluble transferrin receptor) suggests that INTERMITTENT HYPOBARIC HYPOXIA EXPOSURE did not accelerate erythropoiesis despite the increase in serum EPO.

high altitude; erythropoiesis; red cell volume; hemoglobin mass


Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: C. J. Gore, Physiology Dept., Australian Institute of Sport, Leverrier Crescent, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia or Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Education, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia (e-mail: chris.gore{at}ausport.gov.au)




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