HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text Free Full Text (PDF) Free Submit a response Alert me when this article is cited Alert me when eLetters are posted Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via ISI Web of Science (12) Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Kellogg, D. L. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Kellogg, D. L., Jr

HIGHLIGHTED TOPICS
A Physiological Systems Approach to Human and Mammalian Thermoregulation

In vivo mechanisms of cutaneous vasodilation and vasoconstriction in humans during thermoregulatory challenges

Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, Audie L. Murphy Memorial Veterans Hospital Division; and Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas

This review focuses on the neural and local mechanisms that have been demonstrated to effect cutaneous vasodilation and vasoconstriction in response to heat and cold stress in vivo in humans. First, our present understanding of the mechanisms by which sympathetic cholinergic nerves mediate cutaneous active vasodilation during reflex responses to whole body heating is discussed. These mechanisms include roles for cotransmission as well as nitric oxide (NO). Next, the mechanisms by which sympathetic noradrenergic nerves mediate cutaneous active vasoconstriction during whole body cooling are reviewed, including cotransmission by neuropeptide Y (NPY) acting through NPY Y1 receptors. Subsequently, current concepts for the mechanisms that effect local cutaneous vascular responses to direct skin warming are examined. These mechanisms include the roles of temperature-sensitive afferent neurons as well as NO in causing vasodilation during local heating of skin. This section is followed by a review of the mechanisms that cause local cutaneous vasoconstriction in response to direct cooling of the skin, including the dependence of these responses on intact sensory and sympathetic, noradrenergic innervation as well as roles for nonneural mechanisms. Finally, unresolved issues that warrant further research on mechanisms that control cutaneous vascular responses to heating and cooling are discussed.

thermoregulation; heat stress; cold stress; skin blood flow; cotransmission

This article has been cited by other articles:

				B. Hildrum, A. Mykletun, J. Holmen, and A. A. Dahl Effect of anxiety and depression on blood pressure: 11-year longitudinal population study The British Journal of Psychiatry, August 1, 2008; 193(2): 108 - 113. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. L. Kellogg Jr., J. L. Zhao, and Y. Wu Endothelial nitric oxide synthase control mechanisms in the cutaneous vasculature of humans in vivo Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, July 1, 2008; 295(1): H123 - H129. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J.-F. Argacha, D. Adamopoulos, M. Gujic, D. Fontaine, N. Amyai, G. Berkenboom, and P. van de Borne Acute Effects of Passive Smoking on Peripheral Vascular Function Hypertension, June 1, 2008; 51(6): 1506 - 1511. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				V. Vuksanovic, L. W. Sheppard, and A. Stefanovska Nonlinear Relationship between Level of Blood Flow and Skin Temperature for Different Dynamics of Temperature Change Biophys. J., May 15, 2008; 94(10): L78 - L80. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Sigaudo-Roussel, B. Fromy, and J. L. Saumet In vivo vasodilating mechanisms: who's NOS involved? J. Physiol., February 1, 2008; 586(3): 689 - 690. [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. L. Kellogg Jr, J. L. Zhao, and Y. Wu Neuronal nitric oxide synthase control mechanisms in the cutaneous vasculature of humans in vivo J. Physiol., February 1, 2008; 586(3): 847 - 857. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. Yamazaki, K. Takahara, R. Sone, and J. M. Johnson Influence of hyperoxia on skin vasomotor control in normothermic and heat-stressed humans J Appl Physiol, December 1, 2007; 103(6): 2026 - 2033. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Shibasaki, S. Durand, S. L. Davis, J. Cui, D. A. Low, D. M. Keller, and C. G. Crandall Endogenous nitric oxide attenuates neutrally mediated cutaneous vasoconstriction J. Physiol., December 1, 2007; 585(2): 627 - 634. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. L. Kellogg Jr., G. J. Hodges, C. R. Orozco, T. M. Phillips, J. L. Zhao, and J. M. Johnson Cholinergic mechanisms of cutaneous active vasodilation during heat stress in cystic fibrosis J Appl Physiol, September 1, 2007; 103(3): 963 - 968. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. J. Widmer, R. H. Stewart, M. F. Young, J. E. Laurinec, G. A. Laine, and C. M. Quick Application of local heat induces capillary recruitment in the Pallid bat wing Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, June 1, 2007; 292(6): R2312 - R2317. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]