Journal of Applied Physiology
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J Appl Physiol 100: 1452-1459, 2006. First published January 12, 2006; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00997.2005
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Diaphyseal bone formation in murine tibiae in response to knee loading

Ping Zhang,1 Shigeo M. Tanaka,2 Hui Jiang,3 Min Su,1 and Hiroki Yokota1,3

1Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology, and 3Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana; and 2Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan

Submitted 18 August 2005 ; accepted in final form 30 December 2005

Mechanical stimulation is critical for bone architecture and bone mass. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of mechanical loads applied to the knee. The specific question was whether loads applied to the tibial epiphysis would enhance bone formation in the tibial diaphysis. In C57/BL/6 mice, loads of 0.5 N were applied for 3 min per day for 3 days at 5, 10, or 15 Hz. Bone samples were harvested 13 days after the last loading. The strains were measured 13 ± 2 µstrains at 5 Hz in the diaphysis. The histomorphometric data in the diaphysis clearly showed enhanced bone formation. First, compared with nonloaded control the cross-sectional cortical area was increased by 11% at 5 Hz and 8% at 10 Hz (both P < 0.05). Second, the cortical thickness was elevated by 12% at 5 Hz (P < 0.01) and 8% at 10 Hz (P < 0.05). Third, mineralizing surface (MS/BS), mineral apposition rate (MAR), and bone formation rate (BFR/BS) were increased at 5 Hz (P < 0.01 for MS/BS; P < 0.001 for MAR and BFR/BS) and at 10 Hz (P < 0.05 for MS/BS; P < 0.01 for MAR and BFR/BS). Bone formation was enhanced more extensively in the medial side than the lateral or the posterior side. The results reveal that knee loading is an effective means to enhance bone formation in the tibial diaphysis in a loading-frequency dependent manner without inducing significant in situ strain at the site of bone formation.

mechanical loading of bone; mouse; tibial diaphysis


Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: H. Yokota, Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana Univ.-Purdue Univ. Indianapolis, 723 West Michigan St., Indianapolis, IN 46202 (e-mail: hyokota{at}iupui.edu)




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J Appl Physiol, May 1, 2006; 100(5): 1441 - 1442.
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