| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
1John Rankin Laboratory of Pulmonary Medicine, and the Departments of 2Pediatrics, 3Surgery, and 4Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; and 5Department of Medicine, and 6Veterinary Medicine: Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, University of California-Davis, Davis, California
Submitted 26 August 2005 ; accepted in final form 16 October 2005
Strenuous exercise may be a significant contributing factor for development of high-altitude pulmonary edema, particularly at low or moderate altitudes. Thus we investigated the effects of heavy cycle ergometer exercise (90% maximal effort) under hypoxic conditions in which the combined effects of a marked increase in pulmonary blood flow and nonuniform hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction could add significantly to augment the mechanical stress on the pulmonary microcirculation. We postulated that intense exercise at altitude would result in an augmented permeability edema. We recruited eight endurance athletes and examined their bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) for red blood cells (RBCs), protein, inflammatory cells, and soluble mediators at 2 and 26 h after intense exercise under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. After heavy exercise, under all conditions, the athletes developed a permeability edema with high BALF RBC and protein concentrations in the absence of inflammation. We found that exercise at altitude (3,810 m) caused significantly greater leakage of RBCs [9.2 (SD 3.1) x 104 cells/ml] into the alveolar space than that seen with normoxic exercise [5.4 (SD 1.2) x 104 cells/ml]. At altitude, the 26-h postexercise BALF revealed significantly higher RBC and protein concentrations, suggesting an ongoing capillary leak. Interestingly, the BALF profiles following exercise at altitude are similar to that of early high-altitude pulmonary edema. These findings suggest that pulmonary capillary disruption occurs with intense exercise in healthy humans and that hypoxia augments the mechanical stresses on the pulmonary microcirculation.
bronchoalveolar lavage; pulmonary gas exchange; hypoxia; vascular endothelial growth factor
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  J. A. Dempsey, D. C. McKenzie, H. C. Haverkamp, and M. W. Eldridge Update in the Understanding of Respiratory Limitations to Exercise Performance in Fit, Active Adults Chest, September 1, 2008; 134(3): 613 - 622. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. T. Lovering, L. M. Romer, H. C. Haverkamp, D. F. Pegelow, J. S. Hokanson, and M. W. Eldridge Intrapulmonary shunting and pulmonary gas exchange during normoxic and hypoxic exercise in healthy humans J Appl Physiol, May 1, 2008; 104(5): 1418 - 1425. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. N. H. Hodges, A. W. Sheel, J. R. Mayo, and D. C. McKenzie Human lung density is not altered following normoxic and hypoxic moderate-intensity exercise: implications for transient edema J Appl Physiol, July 1, 2007; 103(1): 111 - 118. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. J. Fagenholz, J. A. Gutman, A. F. Murray, V. E. Noble, S. H. Thomas, and N. S. Harris Chest Ultrasonography for the Diagnosis and Monitoring of High-Altitude Pulmonary Edema Chest, April 1, 2007; 131(4): 1013 - 1018. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Maggiorini High altitude-induced pulmonary oedema Cardiovasc Res, October 1, 2006; 72(1): 41 - 50. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
| Visit Other APS Journals Online |
