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The influence of radial RBC distribution, blood velocity profiles, and glycocalyx on coupled NO/O₂ transport

¹School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University; and ²Departments of Physiology and Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Submitted 27 May 2005 ; accepted in final form 29 September 2005

The purpose of this investigation was to study the effect of the presence of red blood cells (RBCs) in the plasma layer near the arteriole wall on nitric oxide (NO) and oxygen (O₂) transport. To this end, we extended a coupled NO and O₂ diffusion-reaction model in the arteriole, developed by our group, to include the effect of the presence of RBCs in the plasma layer and the effect of convection. Two blood flow velocity profiles (plug and parabolic) were tested. The average hematocrit in the bloodstream was assumed to be constant in the central core and decreasing to zero in the boundary layer next to the endothelial surface layer. The effect of the presence or absence of RBCs near the endothelium was studied while varying the endothelial surface layer and boundary layer thickness. With RBCs present in the boundary layer, the model predicts that 1) NO decreases significantly in the endothelium and vascular wall; 2) there is a very small increase in endothelial and vascular wall PO₂; 3) scavenging of NO by hemoglobin decreases with increasing thickness of the boundary layer; 4) the shape of the velocity profile influences both NO and PO₂ gradients in the bloodstream; and 5) the presence of RBCs in the boundary layer near the endothelium has a much larger effect on NO than on O₂ transport.

nitric oxide; oxygen; red blood cells; mass transport; mathematical model; diffusion; convection; endothelial surface layer

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