OBJECTIVE. We evaluated the response of various muscle- and bone-adaptation parameters to 24 weeks of strength training in healthy, early postmenopausal women when a nutrient supplement (protein, carbohydrate, calcium, and vitamin D) or a placebo supplement (a minimum of energy) was ingested immediately following each training session. At inclusion, each woman was randomly and double-blindedly assigned to a nutrient group (NUT) or a placebo group (CON). MEASUREMENTS. Muscle hypertrophy was evaluated from biopsies, MRI- and DEXA-scans, and muscle strength in a dynamometer. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by DEXA-scans and bone turnover was determined by serum-osteocalcin and -CTx. RESULTS. NUT improved concentric and isokinetic (60 °_*s^-1) muscle strength from 6 to 24 weeks by 9±3% (P<0.01), whereas CON showed no change (1±2%, P>0.05). Only NUT improved lean body mass (P<0.05) over the 24 weeks. BMD responded similarly at the lumbar spine but changed differently in the two groups at the femoral neck (P<0.05) (CON: 0.943 ± 0.028 to 0.930 ± 0.024 g_*mm^-3 (-1.0 ± 1.4%) and NUT: 0.953 ± 0.051 to 0.978 ± 0.043 g_*mm^-3 (3.8 ± 3.4%)), when adjusted for age, BMI and BMD at inclusion. Bone formation displayed an interaction (P<0.05), mainly caused by increased osteocalcin at 24-weeks in NUT. CONCLUSIONS. We report that nutrient supplementation results in superior improvements in muscle mass, muscle strength, femoral neck BMD, and bone formation during 24 weeks of strength training. The observed differences following such a short intervention emphasize the significance of post-exercise nutrient supply on musculoskeletal maintenance.